>From: >Date: Tue, 9 Aug 1994 14:34:07 -0400 (EDT) PART 4. Lesbian and Gay Catholic Bibliography Homosexuality and Catholicism - A Partially Annotated Bibliography August 1994 (c.) by Paul Halsall This bibliography is an attempt to assemble all available references to discussions of homosexuality, Catholicism and Christianity in general. It will form part of a forthcoming Lesbian and Gay Catholic Handbook. Data have been assembled from computerized catalogs, from the bibliographies in modern books, and from earlier printed bibliographies (especially those by Wayne Dynes and Tom Horner). Where the compiler has knowledge of the item, it has been annotated. Some annotations are based on comments made by Dynes and Horner, others from discussions of items that have taken place on the Internet. The usefulness of such a bibliography is self-evident. It is also inevitable that important references will have escaped the compiler, and/or publication details may -rarely it is hoped - be incorrect. Corrections and additions will be made in later versions. Please send comments, corrections and suggestion to me, Paul Halsall, at email addresses:- halsall@murray.fordham.edu or phalsall@aol.com The Structure of the Bibliography is as follows: I Basic A: Bible References B: Roman Catholic Church Documents C: Other Church Documents D: Bibliographies and Reference Works II General Lesbian and Gay History A: General B: Ancient and Medieval C: Modern (Since 1500) III Lesbian and Gay Religious History A: Ancient and Medieval B: Modern (Since 1500) IV Biblical Studies A: General B: Jewish Scriptures (Old Testament) C: New Testament V Lesbian and Gay Theological Issues A: Homosexuality B: Homosexuals C: Other Religious Traditions VI LesBiGay Catholics A: Relations with Hierarchy B: Organizations C: Spirituality D: Biography VII LesBiGay Other Christians A: Relations with Church Government B: Organizations C: Spirituality D: Biography E: Lesbian and Gay Marriage VIII Lesbian and Gay Clergy and Religious A: Roman Catholic B: Anglican C: Other Christians IX Sexual Abuse in the Roman Catholic Church X Modern Backlash A: Roman Catholic B: Other Christian C: Ex-Gay Movements D: Secular Gay Activism against the ReligiousRight XI Christianity and AIDS XII Lesbian and Gay Catholic Novels, Short Stories and Plays XIII Lesbian and Gay Christian Movies and TV XIV Longer Book Reviews XV Biblical Texts from King James Version Cited in Full I Basic A: The Bible Often cited references to homosexuality or related to the subject (some only possible):- Jewish Scriptures/Old Testament: Genesis 13:13, 18:20-22, 19:4-8. 19:24-25, Sodom story Leviticus 18:22, 20:13, Levitical code Deuteronomy 22:25 Ban on transvestitism Deuteronomy 22:30 Fear of son seducing father? Deuteronomy 23:1 Eunuchs banned from congegation of the Lord Deuteronomy 23:17-18 Reference to temple prostitutes: KJV has "Sodomites" Deuteronomy 29:23 Mention of Sodom Deuteronomy 32:32 Mention of Sodom Ruth 1:16-17, Ruth's pledge to Naomi Judges 19:22-24, Gibeah story, parallel to Sodom story. I Samuel 18 on David and Jonathan II Samuel 1:26, 9:1-13 David and Jonathan I Kings 14:24, 15:12, 22:46 King James Version uses"sodomites" II Kings 23:7 King James Version uses "sodomites" Nehemiah 1:11 Nehemiah as a "cup bearer" Proverbs 10:9 King James Version uses "pervert" Isaiah 1:9 Mention of Sodom Isaiah 3:9 Mention of Sodom Isaiah 13:19 Mention of Sodom Isaiah 56:2-8 Eunuchs are blessed by God Jeremiah 23:14 Mention of Sodom Jeremiah 49:18 Mention of Sodom Jeremiah 50:40 Mention of Sodom Lamentations 4:6 Mention of Sodom Ezekiel 16:49-50 Ezekiel says what sin of Sodom actually was Daniel 1 Daniel and his relationship with the chief eunuch Amos 4:11 Mention of Sodom Zephaniah 2:9 Mention of Sodom Deuterocanonical Books Wisdom 3:13-14 Barren women and eunuchs are blessed by God Wisdom 10:6-7 Reference to destruction of Sodom. No ref to sex. Wisdom 19: 13 Hostilty to Guests at Sodom Sirach/Ecclesiasticus 16:8 Reference to arrogance of neighbors of Lot, ie Sodom New Testament: Matthew 5:22 Jesus on "rakah" and "moros" Matthew 10:15 Jesus on Sodom Matthew 11:23-24 Jesus on Sodom Matthew 19:3-5 Jesus on Genesis 1 and 2 Matthew 19:12 Jesus on eunuchs for the kingdom of Heaven Mark 6:11 Jesus on Sodom Mark 7:20-23 Jesus on clean bodies Mark 10:5 Jesus on Genesis 1 and 2 Luke 10:12 Jesus on Sodom Luke 17:29 Jesus on Sodom Acts 8:26-39 Philip and the Ethiopian eunuch Romans 1:18-32 Paul on effects of idolatry I Corinthians 6:9-10 Paul 's list of sins. Ephesian 5:6 "shameful deeds at night" Galatians 5:19-21 Paul's list of sins I Timothy 1:9-10 Paul's list of sins II Peter 2:4,6-8 Mention of Sodom story Jude 6-7 Mention of Sodom story as about sex with angels Revelations 21:8, 22:15 reference to the "abominable" and "dogs" Pseudographia Book of Jubilees 13:17, 16:5-6, 20:5-6 Sexual interpretation of Sodom story [2nd Cent BCE Jewish text, survives in Ethiopian.] B: Roman Catholic Official and Semi-Official Church Documents on Homosexuality (Chronological) [The texts of many of the decrees of early councils that might relate to homosexuality are translated and printed in Derrick S. Bailey, , Homosexuality and the Western Christian Tradition, (London: Longmans, Green, 1955;repr. Hamden, Ct.: Archon/Shoestring Press, 1975)] Council of Elvira, canon 71 305-306 [vs "corrupters of boys"] This was first council to address sexuality in a major way. C. 71 is not about "homosexuals", but about clergy who "corrupt boys". Council of Ancyra, canon 17, 314 Provided the basic canon law of middle ages on sodomy, but according to Derek S. Bailey, Homosexuality in the Wester Christian Tradition, 86-88, the canon in fact referred only to bestiality. Texts of these canons and other ones to 1179 quoted in full in Bailey. Basil of Nyssa, First Canonical Epistle to Amphilochus of Iconium, (Epist. 117, canon 62), 375 This is the canon most often cited by the Orthodox. It was a private letter by Basil, but later approved by councils Gregory of Nyssa, Canonical Letter to Letoius of Mytilene (Epist. canonica 4), 390 Justinian, Novella 77, CJC, (used as canon law) 538 This and the following "Novel", enacted oppression of homosexual sex into secular law. At this stage the imperial secualr law of the Christian Roman Empire was also operative within the Church. The revival of Roman law studies in the 12th century meant that these laws had important effects on developing Roman Catholic canon law as well as secular law. Justinian, Novella 141, CJC, (used as canon law) 544 2nd Council of Tours, c. 14, 567 Monks must not sleep two to a bed. 16th Council of Toledo, c. 3, 693 The Toledan councils were partly Church councils and partly councils of the Visigothic state. [At this time there seems to have been a gap in Church actions. The canons of Ancyra were republished by several Carolingian kings, and there was much discussion (about 4% of the total regulations) in the new "penitentials" that were being developed. These do not seem to have been official docuements. At this stage confession by lay people seems to have been rare, and the there were no secular prosecution for "sodomy" - and both statements remained true until the 13th century it seems. Things did begin to heat up in the 12th century though, along with attacks on heretics, Jews and other social outsiders.] Council of London, c, 28, 29, 1102 This council seems to have been directed at the memory of William Rufus, well known for his homosexual activities. St. Anslem was Archbishop of Canterbury at the time, and, although he went along with the decreess. he refused to have them read out in every church because, as he said, the sin was so common. The decrees were not repeated in later councils in London, so either the clergy stopped practising sodomy, or people stopped being worried about it. Council of Naplouse [Nablus/Shechem], canons 8-11. vs. sodomy, 1120 An important council that took place in the crusader kingdom of Jerusalem. Applied penalties for sodomy to laymen. Ivo of Chartres, Decretum, in J. P . Migne, ed., Patrologia Latina, 161 cols 47-1022 See cols. 681-82 for denunciations of sodomy amd lesbianism. Gratian, Decretum, five refs. drawn from the fathers, C.32, q.7, c,11-14, c.1140 The Decretals were the major law book of the middle ages and later. It is interesting that Gratian drew from patristic opinion rather than a canon law tradition. Lateran III [General Council], canon 11, 1179 "Clergy in holy orders, who maintain their wives incontintently in their homes should either expel them, and live continently, or be deprived of ecclesiastical office and benefice. Whoever is cuaght involved in that incontinence which is against nature, and because of which "the wrath of God came upon the sons of disobedience" (Eph. 5:6), and five cities were consumed by fore (Gen 14:24-35), if they are clerics, they should be deposed from clerical office and placed in a monastery to do penance; if they are laymen, they are to be excommunicated and completely isolated from contact with believers. If any cleric, without clear and necessary cause, should especially frequent nuneries, he should be restrained by the bishop, and if he does not cease, he should be deposed from his ecclesiastical benefice" This is the first and only canon by a General council which could be considered against homosexuality. It is clearly a disciplinary decree, and the "incontinence which is against nature", could be bestiality or sodomy. Standard gloss by Bernard of Palma, ca. 1263 links it with novels of Justinian. Innocent III, Letter, in Migne PL 215:189 [on sodomy in Macon], 1203 Lateran IV [General Council], canon 14, 1215 A possibla reference. strengthens Lat III decree in general by calling on secular help. Only mentions clerical chastity. Again disciplinary, not dogmatic (this was the council that imposed special signs on Jews), [Various local synods in this period issued canons which referred to sodomy: Paris 1212[ii.21], Rouen 1214, Angers 1216/19, Beziers 1246; also constitutions of Fulk Bassest for London 1245/59, Alexander Stavensby for Coventry, 1224/37, Peter Quinel for Exeter 1287; also Dominican statutes, 1238, Carthusian statutes, 1261 and Cistercian statutes, 1279 - for all see Michal Goodich, The Unmentionable Vice, (Santa Barbara, Ca.: ABC-Clio, 1979), 45-46] Gregory IX, Bull Vox in Rama, 1233 Condeming the activities of the heretic Conrad of Marburg, inc. rimming and bisexual orgies. Gregory IX, Liber Extra 1234 [contains Lateran III canon] [From this period on it is much more difficult to find official Roman Catholic references to sodomy. It was not mentioned, it seems, at any of the later medieval General Councils, nor at Trent, nor at Vatican I. Pope began writing "encyclicals" in the early 18th century, and none of them focused on, nor seem - I have not checked all - to mention sodomy, until John Paul II in 1993! Although more research need to be done on the period 1400-1900, reasons for this "decline" in statements seem fivefold: A: From the mid 13th century on secular rulers, such as Alfonso IX of Spain or the rulers of Venice and Florence,, passed and enforced - variably it must be noted, anti-sodomy laws. B: The Decretals and Liber Extra became the norm of canon lawyers, who came to make up a profession, thus mitigating the earlier need to reiterate canons. The issue was discussed in confessors' handbooks, although a serious study of the Roman Church's position in the late medieval and early modern period seems not to have been done. [see, however, the recent article by Pierre Hurteau, "Catholic Moral Discourse on Male Sodomy and Masturbation in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries", Journal of the History of Sexuality 4:1 (1993), 1-32] C: It was not an issue of dispute between Roman Catholic and Protestant leaders. D: Homosexual activity gets a reputation as a clerical vice, perhaps indicating a more tolerant ecclesiastical culture. E: After the failure of the late medieval conciliar movement, local church councils seem to have been much less in favor. Especially after the Reformation, attempts were made to keep ecclesiastical law making uniform and directed from Rome. Homosexuality was decriminalized under the Napoleonic Code in some European countries, most importantly France, in the early 19th century. Nevertheless, in the late 19th century, homosexuality, now clearly defined, became the great taboo subject. With the Kinsey Report in the United States in 1948 (men) and 1953 (women) indicating that up to 37% of male respondents had been homosexually active, and 4-10% of men were predominantly homosexual, the situation changed rapidly. The 1957 Wolfenden Report in England, inspired by abhorrence at the blackmailing of gay people, had a similar effect. The work of Derrick S. Bailey in reevaluating the Sodom story also was widely reported. From this point on it was inevitable that the Churches would have to reexamine their positions. Vatican II did not discuss homosexuality, but it did re- present marriage as not just a matter of physical procreation, but equally of union also. This teaching, which reflected many decades of development of thought in Roman Catholic circles (see John Noonan, Contraception) laid the foundation for the modern revaluation of homosexuality at present underway.] Chavesse, C.M., Bishop of Rochester (RC?), "The Church and Sex", Practitioner 172 (1030, 1954), 350-54 Unnatural and defective sexual intercourse is to be suppressed. Hierarchy of the Netherlands (Cardinal Bernard Alfink), The New Catechism, trans. Kevin Smyth, (New YorkL Herder and Herder, 1970), Dutch edition 1966, 384-85 Sympathetic, but condescending. National Conference of Catholic Bishops, Principles to Guide Confessors in Questions of Homosexuality, (Washington DC: NCCB, 1973) United States Catholic Conference, A Guide to Formation in Priestly Celibacy, (Washington DC: USCC, 1973 Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (under Cardinal Franjo Seper), Declaration on Certain Questions Concerning Sexual Ethics (Humana Persona ) 1975, #8 First modern Vatican statement on a range of issues. Seems to be the first Vatican document to comprehend the notion of "sexual orientation". Came up with the isea that homosexual acts are wrong, but the homosexual "condition" is morally neutral, a position later attacked in the 1986 letter which discussed homosexuality as "objectively disordered". Francis Mugavero, Bishop of Brooklyn, Sexuality - God's Gift, Feb 11, 1976 Salvatorian Gay Ministry Task Force., Ministry/U.S.A. : a model for ministry to the homosexual community ; a guideline for extending a christian ministry to homosexual persons, 2nd ed. (Milwaukee, Wis. : Salvatorian Gay Ministry Task Force : distributed by The National Center for Gay Ministry, 1976) National Conference of Catholic Bishops (US), To Live in Christ, (November 1976) in John Gallagher, Homosexuality and the Magisterium, (New Ways Ministry, c1985) "Some persons find themselves through no fault of their own to have a homosexual orientation. Homosexuals, like everyone else, should not suffer prejudice against thier basic human rights. They have a right to respect, friendship and justice. They should have an active role in the Christian community." Catholic Social Welfare Commission of England and Wales (under Bishop Augustine Harris)), An Introduction to the Pastorial Care of Homosexual People, (London: 1978) Takes a strong "personalist" approach. Catholic Council for the Church and Society (The Netherlands), Homosexual People in Society: A contribution to the Dialogue within the Faith Community, trans, Bernard A. Nachbar, (Mt. Ranier MD: New Ways Ministry, 1980), 21pp. Dutch ed. 1979 Roman Catholic Diocese of Baltimore, A Ministry to Lesbian and Gay Catholics, 1981 in John Gallagher, Homosexuality and the Magisterium, (New Ways Ministry, c1985) Sensative and sympathetic report. Withdrawn after the 1986 letter. Archdiocesan Gay/Lesbian Outreach (AGLO), Archdiocese of Baltimore, Homosexuality: A Positive Catholic Perspective, Questions and Answers in Lesbian/Gay Ministry, (Baltimore: AGLO, Archdiocese of Baltimore, 198?) A 60 page booklet, the first ever released by an offical Roman Catholic diocesan ministry. Provides a positive context for gay and lesbian ministry in the Church. It gives information and refutes widespread myths, and argues for civil rights for lesbians and gays. Contains a list of recent Church statements and a bibliography. Archdiocese of San Francisco Commission on Social Justice, Homosexuality and Social Justice: Report of the Taskforce on Gay/Lesbian Issues, (San Francisco: Commission on Social Justice, 1982), . The fullest Catholic treatment, but not approved by the hierarchy. Addresses the spiritual lige of gay people, anti-gay violence, Latino gays, the diabled, youth, the aged, and lesbians and gays in religious life and the priesthood. Reissued in an updated and expanded edition in 198?. Congregation for Catholic Education (under Cardinal William Baum), Educational Guidance in Human Love 1983 in John Gallagher, Homosexuality and the Magisterium, (New Ways Ministry, c1985). Raymond Hunthausen, Arcbishop of Seattle, Letter to Priests, (June 1983) in John Gallagher, Homosexuality and the Magisterium, (New Ways Ministry, c1985). "Social science statistics generally place the number of homosexual persons at approximately 10% or the population. This means that one out of four families has a member with a homosexual orientation. Put another way, these statistics tell us that many of our parishoners have, or are related to persons who have, a homosexual orientation" Senate of Priests, San Francisco, Ministry and Homosexuality in the Archdiocese of San Francisco, 1983 in John Gallagher, Homosexuality and the Magisterium, (New Ways Ministry, c1985). John Hickey, Cardinal Archbishop of Washington, Letter on Homosexuality, 1984 in John Gallagher, Homosexuality and the Magisterium, (New Ways Ministry, c1985) Rigid thinking posing as "traditionalism". Washington State Catholic Conference, The Prejudice Against Homosexuals and the Ministry of the Church, 1983 in John Gallagher, Homosexuality and the Magisterium, (New Ways Ministry, c1985). John Quinn, Archbishop of San Francisco, Letter on Violence to Archdiocesan Deans, 1984 in John Gallagher, Homosexuality and the Magisterium, (New Ways Ministry, c1985). P. Dumaine, Pastoral Guidelines for Ministry to Homosexuals in the Diocese of San Jose, [Valley Catholic, March 1986, 28-29] 1986 Catholic Bishops of New Zealand, Dignity, Love, Life, 1986 A statement supporting the rights of gay people and calling for compassion Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Letter to the Bishops of the Catholic Church on the Pastoral Care of Homosexual Persons, 1986, repr. in Jeaninne Grammick and Pat Furey, eds., The Vatican and Homosexuality: reflections to the "Letter to the Bishops of the Catholic Church on the Pastoral care of Homosexual Persons", (New York: Crossroad, 1988), 1-10 Using a proof-text approach to the Bible, and rejecting modern psychological insights, calls homosexuality an "objective disorder" and says, inter-alia that no-one should be surprised at anti-gay violence when lesbians and gays claim civil rights. Ordered Catholic bishops to eject lesbian and gay Catholic groups from churches. The positive aspect is that this letter finally accepts that homosexuality is a constitutive part of the personality and that gay people are a social group. John Quinn, Archbishop of San Francisco, "Toward and Understading of the `Leter on the Pastoral Care of Homosexual Persons'", America 156:5 7 Feb 1987, 92-95, 160, repr. in Jeaninne Grammick and Pat Furey, eds., The Vartican and Homosexuality: reflections to the "Letter to the Bishops of the Catholic Church on the Pastoral care of Homosexual Persons", (New York: Crossroad, 1988), 13-19 Emphasises it was a letter to bishops, not all. Clearly embarrassed as Cardinals Law and O'Connor were listed to in Rome, while Quinn was ignored. William D. Borders, Archbishop of Baltimore. On Human Sexuality: The Catholic Doctrine Pastoral letter addressed to the priests and people of the Archdiocese of Baltimore, 1987 Reiterates Vatican line. A real disaster compared to the very positive earlier Baltimore statement in the 1980s. United States Catholic Conference, Human Sexuality, (Washington DC: USCC, 1991) Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Some Considerations Concerning the Catholic Response to Legislative Proposals on the Non-Discrimination of Homosexual Persons, 1991 Letter to bishops. Reiterates 1986 letter, then, incredibly, calls on Catholic bishops, with the USA in mind it seems, to oppose civil rights initiatives for lesbians and gays. Says that gays cannot be compared to other discriminated against groups such as racial minorities and women. Also approves of discrimination in teaching, coaching and military employment. Many Catholic bishops in the US have ignored it. Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Catechism of the Catholic Church 1992 [Multiple publishers, English ed. 1994] #2357-2359 Thomas Daily, Bishop of Brooklyn, Letter on Homosexuality (title?), (Brooklyn NY: 1993) Nothing original at all. Regurgitates Vatican line, a real step backwards from Bishop Mugavero's work of 1976. John Paul II, Encyclical Veritatis Splendor 1993, # 47 Apparently the first mention by a modern pope of homosexuality in a papal document, as opposed to endorsing the statements of Vatican congregations. John Paul mentions homosexuality, along with contraception, in passing as part of an extended letter defending the use of universalistic natural law ethics and, inter alia, rejecting the insights of cultural anthropology. This is textbook Thomism dressed up as phenomenology. C: Non-Roman Catholic Official and Semi-Official Church Documents on Homosexuality (Chronological) [Note see:- Melton, J. Gordon, The Churches Speak On - Homosexuality: Official Statements from Religious Bodies and Ecumenical Organizations, (Detroit: Gale Research, 1991) Statements from 1563 to 1990] QUAKER: Friends Service Home Committee, Alastair Heron, ed., Towards a Christian View of Sex, (London: Friends Service Home Committee, 1963) repr. in , Edward Batchelor Jr., ed., Homosexuality and Ethics, (New York: The Pilgrim Press, 1980), 135-38 UNITARIAN: Unitarian Universalist Church, Statement on Homosexuality, 1970 LUTHERAN: Lutheran Church in America, Statement on Homosexuality, 1970 Early statement, stating that homosexuals are only sinners like all others. It called for removal of legislation and police actions against gay people. ANGLICAN: Episcopal Dicoese of Michigan, The Report and Recommendations of the Commission on Homosexuality, (Detroit MI: 1973) repr. in Batchelor Jr., Edward, ed., Homosexuality and Ethics, (New York: The Pilgrim Press, 1980), 125-34 ANGLICAN: Church of England in Australia and Tasmania, Diocese of Sydney, Ethics and Social Questions Committee , Report on Homosexuality, (Sydney: Church of England, Diocese of Sydney, 1973) QUAKER: Blaqmires, David, Homosexuality from the Inside, (London: Social Responisbility Council of the Religious Society of Friends, 1973) PRESBYTERIAN: Council on Theology and Culture of the Presbyterian Church in the United States, The Church and Homosexuality: A Prelimnary Study, (1977) PRESBYTERIAN: United Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A.. Advisory Council, Report on the Work of the Taskforce to Study Homosexuality, (New York: Advisory Council on Church and Society [UPUSA], 1978) UCC: United Church of Christ (US), Human Sexuality: A Preliminary Study, (New York: United Church, 1977) Earlt and liberal Protestant study. ANGLICAN: Sims, Bennett J, Episcopalian Bishop of Atlanta, "Sex and Homosexuality: A Pastoral Statement", Christianity Today 22:10 (February 24, 1978), 23-30 Anti-homosexual views expressed. Bishop Sims has now changed his mind, and will celebrate mass for Integrity, ten Episcopal/Anglican lesbian and gay group. ANGLICAN: Church of England, General Synod Board for Social Responsibility, Homosexual Relationships: A contribution to Discussion, (London: CIO Publishing, 1979) Concludes that some people can justifiably enter into homosexual relationships. METHODIST: Methodist Church (England), Division of Social Responsibility, A Christian Understanding of Human Sexuality: A Report of a Working Party for the National Conference of the Methdist Church, (London: Division of Social Responsibility of the Methodist Church, 1979) ORTHODOX: Orthodox Church in America, Sub-Committee of the Ecumenical Task Force of the O.C.A., Women and Men in the Church: A Study of the Community of Women and Men in the Church, (Syosset NY: Dept. of Religious Education, OCA, 1980) Discusses homosexuality in most "traditional" terms. Uses English translations of the Bible that are not accepted as accurate on homosexuality. Good bibliography though. LUTHERAN: Lutherans Concerned/North American Task Force on Theology, A Call for Dialogue: Gay and Lesbian Christians and the Ministry of the Church, October 1985 ANGLICAN: Episcopal Church in the USA, House of Bishops, A Statement by the House of Bishops, 1990 ANGLICAN: Issues in Sexuality: A Statement By the House of Bishops: A Statement by the House of Bishops of the General Synod of the Church of England, December 1991, (London: Church House Publishing, 1991) Moderate statement by Anglican bishops. See homosexuality as condemned in the Bible, but welcomes gay people and couples into the Church. Opposes "practising" gay clergy. Uses the term "homophile" throughout. LUTHERAN: Division for Church in Society, Department for Studies of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, The Church and Human Sexuality: A Lutheran Perspective: First Draft of a Social Statement, (Chicago: Division for Church in Society, Department for Studies of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, 1993) ANGLICAN: Continuing the Dialogue:A Pastoral Teaching of the House of Bishops to the Church as the Church Considers Issues of Human Sexuality, 5th Draft (June 1994) Document for discussion at the 1994 Episcopal Church in the US Convention. Takes a traditional line in interpretation of many texts, but also considers recent scholarship. Makes a series of recommednations in somewhat guarded language - for instance about "pastoral" care for gays and lesbians (it uses these terms) or ordaining "practising gay clergy". Basically sees relationships that are analogous to traditional heterosexual marriage as potentially approvable. Draft released electronically, breaking embargo, by a conservative Episcopalian group. D: Bibliographies and Reference Works Abelove, Henry, Michele Aina Barale, and David Halperin, eds, The Lesbian and Gay Studies Reader, (New York: Routledge: 1993) Selection of some of most important theoretical and historical writings in Lesbian and Gay Studies. Bullough, Vern, An Annotated Bibliography of Homosexuality, (New York: Garland: 1976) Vol 1, pp 331-62 on religion and homosexuality. Dynes, Wayne, Homosexuality: A Research Guide, (New York and London: Garland, 1987) Indispensable, wonderful and massive annotated bibliography of all areas of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgendered studies. Does not cover fiction. An essential starting point for lesbian and gay studies. 4858 citations, most heavily annotated. Dynes, Wayne, ed., Encyclopedia of Homosexuality, 2 vols, (Garden City, NY: Garland, 198?) Foster. Jeannette H., Sex Variant Women in Literature: A Historical and Quantative Survey 2nd ed., (New York: Vantage Press, 1956)(repr. Baltimore: Diana Press, 1975) Geloof, kerk en Homoseksualiteit, (Amsterdam: NVIH-COC, 1984) 22 page bibliography of Dutch language books and articles. Horner, Tom, Homosexuality and the Judeo-Christian Tradition: An Annotated Bibliography, (New York: ATLA - Bibliographical Series No. 5, 1981) 459 entries. Good, but very dated by now. The New Catholic Encyclopedia, (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1967) Excellent source of information, despite very anti-gay article by John Harvey. Young, Ian, The Male Homosexual in Literature, (Metuchen, NJ.: Scarecrow Press, 1975) II General Lesbian and Gay History [No attempt is made here to be comprehensive: Just the more important secondary sources on lesbian, gay and bisexual history are listed] A: General Aries, Philippe & Andre Bejin, eds., Western Sexuality: Practice and Precept in Past and Present, (Oxford: Blackwell, 1985; orig. pub. as Sexualities Occidentales, Paris: Editions du Seuil/Communications, 1982) Bullough, Vern L., Sexual Variance in Society and History, (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1976) Large scale survey of both western and eastern cultures in all historical periods. Groundbreaking work, but only a beginning. Has one of few discussions of Byzantine homosexuality. Has good references and foot notes. Bullough, Vern L., Homosexuality: A History, (New York: New American Library, 1979) Coote, Stephen, ed., The Penguin Book of Homosexual Verse, (Harmondsworth: Allen Lane, Penguin, 1983) Poetry from Homer to today. Duberman, Martin Bauml, Martha Vincus and George Chauncey, eds. Hidden From History, New York: NAL, 1989) An important collection of essays and articles on a broad stretch of lesbian and gay history. Very informative introduction on basic parameters. Foucault, Michel, History of Sexuality, Vol I: An Introduction, (New York: Pantheon, 1978) Almost more like a meditation than history. Leading French structuralist applies his view of human society, already seen in his history of madness, to sexuality. Argues that sexuality is "constructed" in each society, in a similar manner to language/grammar. This goes against Boswell's idea of "homosexuality" as a continuing part of the human condition. Foucault's ideas, along with Levi-Strauss's have heavily influenced other modern gay historians such as Weeks and Katz, who however, set the formation of modern homosexual consciousness at different periods. The conflict between Boswell and the others is as much an issue of philosophy as history. Garde, Noel I., Jonathan to Gide: The Homosexual in History, (New York: Vantage Press, 1964) Biographical sketches of 303 men in chronological orders. Gives the refs. that justify each inclusion. Greenberg, David F., The Construction of Homosexuality, (Chicago: Chicago UP, 1988) Recent exposition of the social construction school. Has an extensive historical survey. Reviews Boswell, John, "Books: Gay History", Atlantic Feb 1989; 263:2 p. 74-78 Brundage, James A, Church History Mar 1991; 60:1 p. 148-149 Jennings, Kevin, Becoming Visible : A Reader in Gay and Lesbian History for High School and College Students, (Boston: Alyson, 1994) Karlen, Arno, Sexuality and Homosexuality: A New View, (New York: W.W. Norton, 1971) Early overview. No footnotes, Superseded by Bullough's Sexual Variance. York & London: Harrington Park Press, 1985), repr. of Historical Perspectives on Homosexuality (1981), which was a repr. of Journal of Homosexuality 6:1/2 (1980) Very useful edition of interdisciplinary journal. Many of the articles are cited elsewhere. The publishers republish the issues of this journal as books. The essays cover the early modern and modern period. B: Ancient and Medieval Cantarella, Eva, Bisexuality in the Ancient World, (New Haven: Yale UP, 1992) Covey, Herbert C, "Perceptions and Attitudes toward Sexuality of the Elderly during the Middle Ages", Gerontologist Feb 1989; 29:1 p. 93-100 [Abstract from electronic database]:The proposals that thoughts on the ages of life excluded the elderly from having normal sex lives and that the church of the Middle Ages defined sexual behavior by the elderly as immoral are examined. Dover, Kenneth J., Greek Homosexuality, Updated ed. (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP, 1989, c1978; paperback, New York: Random House) Standard work on ancient Greek homosexuality. Goodich, Michael, The Unmentionable Vice: Homosexuality in the Late Medieval Period, (Santa Barbara, Ca.: ABC- Clio, 1979) Much criticised book that attempts an overview. It actually does quite a good job, and has an extensive bibliography and a 30 page translation/extract from inquisition records of Jacques Fournier in the 13th century. {Reviews - AHR 1980, p.375; Speculum (1980), pp. 121- 122; Journal of Homosexuality 6:1/2 (2 separate reviews)} Halperin, David M., One Hundred Years of Homosexuality : And Other Essays on Greek Love, The New Ancient World Series, (London: Routledge Chapman & Hall, 1989) Herman, Gerald, "The `Sin against Nature' and its Echos in Medieval French Literature", Annuale Medievale 17 (1976), pp. 70-87 Kuster, Harvey J., "Gelijkgeslachtelijke liefde in de middeleeuwen", Spiegel Historiael 10 (1975), pp 232-237 Kuster, Harvey J., "L'Amour physique unisexuel au moyen age", Arcadie, (Paris: 1976), pp. 665-670 Kuster, Harvey J., "Homoerotik in de middeleewse poezia", Maatstaf 24 (1976), pp. 40-48 Kuster, Harvey J., Over Homoseksualiteit in Middeleeuws West- Europa, (Utrecht: Univ. of Utrecht Dissertation, 1977) Reviewed criticlly by A.H. Bredero, Tijdschrift voor Geschiedenie 91 (1978), 256-62 Kuster, Harvey J., "Homoseksualiteit in de middeleeuwen", Huisarts en Praktijk, (Utrecht: 1980), pp. 13-16 Kuster, Harvey & Raymond J. Cormier, "Old Views and New Trends: Observations on the Problem of Homosexuality in the Middle Ages", Studii Medievali 25:2 (1985) [Overview of recent work, based on Boswell and Kuster's dissertation.] Leonhardt, W., "Die Homosexualitat der altesten deutschen Literatur", JFZ 12 (1911-12), 153-65 Lilja, S., Homosexuality in Republican and Augustan Rome, (Helsinki: Commentationes Humanorum Litteratum [Societas Scientarum Fennica] 74, 1983) Moore, R.I., The Formation of a Persecuting Society, (Oxford: Blackwell, 1987) Briefly discusses homosexuality, but sets it in the wider context of Jews, lepers, heretics and other persecuted groups. Richlin, Amy, "Not Before Homosexuality: The Materiality of the Cinaedus and the Roman Law against Love Between Men", Journal of History of Sexuality 3:4 (1993), 523- 573 A significant attack on the Foucault/Halperin/Winkler thesis that "homosexuality" is an irrelevant category for the Roman past. Good up to date bibliography on the issues. Approves of Boswell. Ruggiero, Guido, The Boundaries of Eros: Sex, Crime and Sexuality in Renaissance Venice, (New York: Oxford UP, 1985) See pp 109-45 on sodomy. Saslow, James .M., Ganymede in the Renaissance: Homosexuality in Art and Society, (New Haven: Yale UP, 1986) Reviews Source 6:3 (1987), pp. 34-35; Art Bulletin 69:4 (1987), pp. 653-57; AHR 93:1 (1988), p.185} Hope, Charles, "Jupiter's Boy", New York Review of Books May 29, 1986; 33:9 p. 7-10 Sergent, Bernard, Homosexuality in Greek Myth, (Boston: 1986) Stehling, Thomas, trans., Medieval Latin Poems of Male Love and Friendship, (New York: Garland) Gay medieval literature from the Roman Empire to 1300. Alcuin, Ausonius, Luxorius, Abelard, Baudri or Bourgueil, Hilderbert of Lauardin. C: Modern (Since 1500) Adam, Barry D., The Rise of a Gay and Lesbian Movement, (Boston: Twayne, 1987) Good textbook. Main concern is modern period. Discusses some theoretical issues. Alonso Tejada, Luis, La represion sexual en la Espana de Franco, (Barcelona: Caraly, 1977) On gays see pp 217-24. Bingham, Caroline, "Seventeenth-Century Attitudes Towards Deviant Sex", Journal of Interdisciplinary History 1 (1971), 447-68 Bleuel, Hans Peter, Sex and Society in Nazi Germany, (Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1974) Discusses inter alia, Roehm's murder, and the view that homosexuals should be drowned in bogs as amongst the ancient Germans. Bray, Alan, Homosexuality in Renaissance England, (London: GMP, 1988, c. 1982) Chauncey, George, Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture, and the Making of the Gay Male World 1890-1940, (New York: Basic, 1994) Outstanding book by University of Chicago historian on gay male life in New York before World War II. Based on many interviews and heavy documentary research. Challenges the notion that it all came together only after WWII. Argues persuasively that, especially among the working class, the distinction between "homosexual" and "heterosexual" persons originated only between the 1930s and 1950s: before that "queer" meant much more than just "homosexual" sex, it meant a more radical gender inversion. A good discussion of sources for lesbian and gay history. Courouve, Claude, "Sodomy Trials in France" , ya Books Bulletin 1:1 (1979), 22-23, 26 Coward, D.A., "Attitudes to Homosexuality in Eighteenth Century France", Journal of European Studies 10, 231- 55 Crompton, Louis, "The Myth of Lesbian Immunity", in Salvatore J. Licata & Robert P. Petersen, eds., The Gay Past: A Collection of Historical Essays, (New York; Haworth, 1985), originally Journal of Homosexuality 6:1/2 (Fall/Winter 1980), 11-26 Crompton, Louis, Byron and Greek Love: Homophobia in 19th Century England, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985) Cruikshank, Margaret, The Gay and Lesbian Liberation Movement, Revolutionary Thought/Radical Movements, (London: Routledge Chapman Hall, 1992) Daniel, Marc, " A Study of Homosexuality in France During the Reigns of Louis XIII and Louis XIV", ONE Institute Quarterly 14 (Summer 1961), 77-93 and 15 (Fall 1961), 125-36 Based on French language articles in Arcadie. D'Emilio, John, Sexual Politics, Sexual Communites, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983) Most complete account of US homophile movement in 1950s and 1960s. D'Emilio, John & Estelle Freedman, Intimate Matters: A History of Sexuality in America, (New York: Harper & Row, 1988) Documents in the Homosexual Rights Movement in Germany, 1836- 1927, (New York: Arno Press, 1975) Duberman, Martin, About Time : Exploring the Gay Past, rev. ed. (New York: Penguin USA/Meridian, 1991) Duberman, Martin, Stonewall, (New York: 1993) Faderman, Lilian and Brigitte Erikson, Lesbian/Feminism in Turn of the Century Germany, (Weatherby Lake: MO: Naiad Press, 1980) Faderman, Lilian, Surpassing the Love of Men, (New York: William Morrow, 1981) History of Lesbians based on literary sources. Faderman, Lilian, Odd Girls and Twilight Lovers: A History of Lesbina Life in Twentieth-Century America, (New York: Columbia UP, 199?) Gerard, Kent and Gert Hekma, eds., The Pursuit of Sodomy: Male Homosexuality in Renaissance and Englightenment Europe, (New York: Harrington Park Press, 1989) [also issued as Journal of Homosexuality 16:1/2 (1988)) Haeberle, Erwin J., "Swastika, Pink Triangle and Yellow - the Destruction of Sexology and the Persecution of Homsexuals in Nazi Germany", Journal of Sex Research 17 (1981), 270-87 Hahn, Pierre, ed. Nos ancêtres les pervers: la vie des homosesuels sous le second empire, 9Paris: Oliver Orban, 1971) Selection of texts on 1852-70 period, with an introduction. Heger, Hans, ed., The Men With the Pink Triangles, (London: GMP, 1980) Account of a gay man's experience of Nazi concentration camps. Note that Heger was the reporting journalist, not the anonymous prisoner. Hervez, Jean (pseud. of Raoul Vèze), Les sociétés d'amour au xviiie siècle, (Paris: Daragon, 1906) Hyde, H. Montgomery, The Love that Dared Not Speak Its Name: A Candid History of Homosexuality in Britain, (Boston: Little, Brown, 1970) Hyde, H. Montgomery, The Three Trials of Oscar Wilde, (New York: University Books 1956) These trials marked the onset of an anti-homsexual rage in Britain that was take as "tradition" when the long night was broken in the 1970s. Karlinsky, Simon, "Russia's Gay Literature and History (11th- 20th centuriess)", Gay Sunshine 29-30 (Summer-fall 1976), 1-7 Mainly on late 19th and early 20th century literature. Katz, Jonathan, Gay American History: Lesbians and Gay Men in the USA - A Documentary, (New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1976; paperback, New York: Avon Discus) Anthology of 168 documents with some analysis. Gives half of its space to lesbians. Established two importan aspects of modern lesbian and gay history: first that the sources were available; second the "constructionist" idea that the category of "homosexual" is a late 19th century invention. Katz, Jonathan, The Gay/Lesbian Almanac, (New York: Morrow, 1983) Kennedy, Elizabeth Lapovsky and Madeline D. Davis, Boots of Leather, Slippers of Gold : The History of a Lesbian Community, (London: Routledge Chapman Hall, 1993) Licata, Salvatore J. & Robert P. Petersen, eds., The Gay Past: A Collection of Historical Essays, (New York; Haworth, 1985), originally Journal of Homosexuality 6:1/2 (Fall/Winter 1980) Lauritsen, John and David Thorstad, The Early Homosexual Rights Movement (1864-1935), (New York: Times Change Press, 1974) Martin, Del & Phyllis Lyon, Lesbian/Women, (San Francisco: Glide Publications, 1972) by co-founders of the Daughters of Bilitis. 1950s homophile movement. Miller, Neil, Out in the World : Gay and Lesbian Life from Buenos Aires to Bangkok, (New York: Vintage, 1993) Newton, Esther, Cherry Grove, Fire Island : Sixty Years in America's First Gay and L esbian Town, (Boston: Beacon Press, 1993) Nouveau, Pierre, "La péché philosophique au de l'homosexualité du xviiie siècle", Arcadie, nos. 254- 259/60 (Feb-Oct 1975) Rousseau, G.S. "The Pursuit of Homsexuality in the Eighteenth Century: 'Utterly Confused Category' and.or Rich Repository", Eighteenth Century Life 9 (1985), 132- 68 Plant, Richard, The Pink Triangle: The Nazi War Against Homosexuals, (New York: Owl/New Republic/Henry Holt, 1986) Probably the best English language book on the Nazi treatment of gays, but far from perfect. Points out that homosexuality charges were often brought against Catholic clergy.Useful bibliography. For readers of German, see Burkhard Jellonek, Homosexuelle unter dem Hakenkreuz. Teal, Don, The Gay Militants, (New York: Stein and Day, 1971) Detailed account of first two years of the Gay Liberation movement in NYC. Prints many early leaflets verbatim. Schmitt, Arno and Jehoeda Sofer, eds., Sexuality and eroticism among males in Moslem societies, (New York : Haworth Press, 1991) Steakley, James D., The Homosexual Emancipation Movement in Germany, (New York: Arno Press, 1975) III. Lesbian and Gay Religious History A: Ancient and Medieval Alford, John A., "The Grammatical Metaphor: A Survey of its Use in the Mideel Ages", Speculum 57 (1982), 728-60 Bailey, Derrick S., Sexual Relations in Christian Thought, (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1954) Bailey, Derrick S., Homosexuality and the Western Christian Tradition, (London: Longmans, Green, 1955;repr. Hamden, Ct.: Archon/Shoestring Press, 1975) Absolutely standard work by Anglican priest. No bibliography but text gives best overview of Church and secular legislation, and cites in full the relevant scriptural, canonical and patristic texts. Barber, Malcom, The Trial of the Templars, (Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1978) Says sodomy Charges of 1308 are unproven. Use of "sodomy charges in late medieval politics examined. Beck, Hans-Georg, Byzantinisches Erotikon: Orthodoxie- Literatur- Gesellschaft, (Munich: 1983) Becker, Raymond de, The Other Face of Love, trans. Margaret Crosland and Alan Daventry, (New York: Grove Press, 1969; & London: Sphere Books), Survey from Ancient times to now, with concentration on Christian world from early middle ages. St. Bernadino of Siena, Le prediche volgari, ed. Piero Bargellini, (Milan: Rizzoli, 1936) Included two visicious vernacular anti-homosexual sermons by this 15th century saint, #35 (795-97), and #39 (893-919). Other references in his Latin works, sermons 11 and 15 in Opera Omnia, (Florence: 1950) Bieler, Ludwig, ed., The Irish Penitentials, (Dublin: Institute for Advanced Studies, 1963) See Payer. This edition does not translate the "dirty bits"! Bleibtrau-Ehrenbergm Gisela, Tabu Homosexualitaet: die Geschicte enies Vorurteils, (Frankfort am Main: S. Fischer, 1978) Stresses German history of anti-homosexuality from earliest times. Bleibtreu-Ehrenberg, Gisela, Der Weibmann : kultischer Geschlechtswechsel im Schamanismus : eine Studie zur Transvestition und Transsexualitat bei Naturvolkern, (Frankfurt am Main : Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, 1984) . Bleibtreu-Ehrenberg, Gisela Ingeborg, Tabu Homosexualitat : d. Geschichte e. Vorurteils, (Frankfurt am Main : S. Fischer, 1978) Bloch, Iwan, "Die Homosexualitaet in Koeln am Ender des 15, Jahrhunderts", JFZ 1 (1908), 528-35 Sodomite sub-culture n 15th century Cologne. Bond, Gerald, "`locus Amoris': The Poetry of Baudri of Bougueil and the Formation of the Ovidian Subculture", Traditio 42 (1986)m 143-93 Sees the subculture as not-homosexual and criticizes Boswell Boswell, John, Christianity, Social Tolerance and Homosexuality, (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1980) The single most important work in lesbian and gay Catholic history by a serious scholar. Proposes that homosexuals were accepted before the 13th century, and then intolerance set in. Criticised by gay radicals for letting the Church off the hook. Boswell rejects idea that homosexual subcultures are a recent development. Reviews of Boswell's Book: [Since this is such an important work, some of the reviews and commentary are listed here - mostly take from the 1985 list in Warren Johansson et al., Homosexuality, Intolerance and Christianity, A Critical Examination, (New York: Scholarship Committee, Gay Academic Union, 1981). Some major articles and books which discuss Boswelll's thesis or parts of it are listed in full elsewhere - those by Greenberg and Bystryn, Hays, Payer, Richlin, Sheehan, and David Wright] Adams, Jeremy, Speculum 56 (April 1981), 350-55 - high commendation Arrowsmith, Keith (pseud. Walter Kendrick), "Toujours gai? Pas du tout!", Village Voice (11 Mar 1981), 44-45 - very positive Bonds, William N., Journal of Homosexuality 7:1 (Fall 1981), 94-102 Boswell, John (interviewed by Richard Hall), "Historian John Boswell on Gay Tolerance and the Christian Tradition", The Advocate (28 May 1981), 20-23, 26- 27 Bronski, Michael, "Gay History; Setting the Record Straight", Gay Community News 8:17 (Nov 1980), p 1 - attacks Boswell for being pro-Church. Brundage, James, Catholic Historical Review 68 (Jan 1982), 62-64 - sees it as an important book with some citation and "special pleading" flaws. Bullough, Vern, "Gods, Gays and Scholars" Inquiry 3:18 (27 October 1980), 28-29 - disagrees with Boswell and sees a basic hostility to homosexuality in Christianity. Christensen, E, English Historical Review 96 (October 1981), 852-54 - sceptical about Aelred and Anslem as gay men. Crompton, Louis, "The Roots of Condemnation", Commonweal (5 June 1981), 338-40 - mixed review. Cunningham, Lawrence s. , New Catholic World 225 (jan 1982), 44-45 - some qualms - but predicted, accurately, that the book would revolutionize the study of homosexuality. Duberman, Martin Bauml, The New Republic 918 October 1980), 32-35 - favorable, with some doubts, because he thinks Boswell is "conservative". Dynes, Wayne, Gay Books Bulletin 4 (Fall 1980), 2-4 - sees some merit. Calls Boswell's scriptural exegesis "amateurish and tendentious". Grant, Robert, The Christian Century 98 (21 Jan 1981), 60 - generally favourable. Haeberle, Erwin J., Journal of Sex Research 17 (1981), 184-87 Hamilton, Wallace, "ADifferent Mirror", Christopher St (September 1980), 50-55 - positive. Henry, Patrick, Church History 51 (Dec 1982), 448-49 - very favourable. Hill, Bennet D. Library Journal 105 ((1 June 1980), p. 1304 - very favourable. Hoffman, Richard J, "Vices, Gods and Virtues: Cosmology as a Mediating Factor in Attitudes toward Male Homosexuality", Journal of Homosexuality 9:2/3 (Winter 1983/Spring 1984), 27-44 - sees Boswell as a Church apologist. Kennedy, Hubert, The Advocate (20 Dec 1980) - very favourable Lemay, Helen R., "Homosexuality in the Middle Ages", Cross Currents 30 9Fall 1980), 352-60 - has some problems with Boswell's translations. Seems surprised that Boswell is "attempt(ing) to justify homosexual behavior." Leroi, Alan, "Le chmabre des hommes: le second ages d'or de l'homosexualite au moyen-age", Gai Pied Hebdo 166 (26 April 1985), 22-24, 66 - summary of French translation by Alain Tachet (Christianisme, tolerance sociale et homosexualite, Paris: Gallimard, 1985) Lineham, Peter, Times Literary Supplement (London), (23 jan 1981), p. 73 - critical of Boswell's views of St. Anslem Martinelli, Elio, "Cristanismo e Omosessualita", Paideia 37 (1982), 31-40 - - finds some erros and accuses Boswell of being an apologist for Roman Catholicism. Monteagudo, Jesse, "new Book Clarifies Homosexuality in the Bible", The Weekly News (Miami) (1 Oct 1980), p. 3 - accepts Boswell's arguments. Moore, John C. American Historical Review 86 (April 1981), 381-82 - recommends the book but has some reservations. Moore, R.I. History (London). 66: no.217 (June 1981), p. 281 Neuhaus, Richard John, "In The Case of John Boswell", First Things (1994) - recent attack on Boswell by a neo-conservative former Lutheran-turned-super- Roman priest. Uses secondary materiels to attack Boswell - mainly Hays article in the Journal of Religous Ethics and David Wright's article in the Encyclopeadia of Early Christianity. Olsen, Glenn, W., "The Gay Middle Ages: a response to Professor Boswell", Communio: International Catholic Review (summer 1981), pp. 119-138 - Highly critical discussion of Boswell's discussion of natural law by a conservative Catholic. He calls Boswell's arguments "weird" and "foolish". Pagdug, Robert, Body Politic (Toronto) 70 (Feb 1981), 29 - sees book as important, buut criticizes Boswell's use of the word "gay" for the past. Patricca, Nicholas, American Jouranl of Sociology 88 (1983), 1333-6, favouralbe review. Criticizes urban/rural distinction. Robinson, Paul, The New York Times Book Review (10 August 1980), p 12 - very favourable review. Savor, Steven W., "What Boswell Uncovered - Digging for Roots in Frozen Ground", Alternate (Nove 1980), p 61 - favourable review. Shelp, Earl E. Theology Today 38 (1981), 256-58 - favourable. Smith, Tom L. "Medieval Limits to Social Tolerance", Bloomsbury Review (Jan-Feb 1981), pp5ff - favourable to Boswell, but very critical of Goodich's The Unmentionable Vice. Stone, Charles (letter), The Advocate (9 July 1981) p.7 - criticies Boswell and claims that Gay liberation took place during decline of Christianity. Stone, Lawrence, "Sex in the West", The New Republic (8 July 1985), 25-37 - looks a over 20 recent books. Respectful of Boswell. Strouse, Jean, "Homosexuality Since Rome", Newsweek (29 September 1980), 79-82 - favourable, plus profile of Boswell. Thomas, Keith, "Rescuing Homosexual History", New York Review of Books Vol 27 (4 Dec 1980), 26-29 - accuses Boswell of neglectin the penetentials and of "special pleading". Towler, Robert, Sociological Analysis 42 (1981), 187-88 - favourable Vanderbosch, Jane, 'Comment on John Boswell's CSTH", Signs 7 (Spring 1982), 722-24 - criticizes Boswell fro his brevity on women. Weeks, Jeffery, "In Days of Yore When Knighs were Gay", History Today 9july 1980), pp 41ff - finds Boswell's work "far from definitive' (a claim Boswell does not make). Criticies Boswell's use of the word "gay" - Weeks is a leading member of the "social constructionist school of gay history. Wilamowitz-Steindorff, Karl von, (letter) "Only on American Soil", Village Voice (25-31 Mar 1981), p.3 - says attitude to Boswell's book depends on whether you see history of Christianity as one of genocide to gay people. Wright, J. Robert, "Boswell on Homosexuality: A Case Undemonstrated", Anglican Theological Review 66 (1984), 79-94 - concentrates mainly on Boswell's views on scripture. Boswell, John, Rediscovering Gay History : Archetypes of Gay Love in Christian History, (London : Gay Christian Movement, 1982) Early presentation of the themes later developed in Same Sex Unions. Boswell, John, "Revolutions, Universals, Categories", Salmagundi 58-59 (Fall1982-Winter 1983), 89-113 [reprinted, and more easily accessible in, Martin Bauml Duberman, Martha Vincus and Ceorge Chauncey, eds. Hidden From History, New York: NAL, 1989, 17-36) Boswell's extended discussion of the method and theory behind his researches and interpretations. Boswell, John, interview by Lawrence Mass, "Sexual Categories, Sexual Universals: An INterview with John Boswell", Christopher Street 151 (1990), 23-40 Boswell discusses with Mass the implications and controversies over his work. Boswell, John, Same-Sex Unions in Pre-Modern Europe, (New York: Villard, 1994) A groundbreaking study of the "Adelphopoiia" liturgy, which Boswell argues, was for centuries used as a public liturgy to celebrate erotic relationships between people of the same sex. Reviews "The talk of the town--Beyond Stonewall: Gay struggles, 25 years on". New Yorker Jun 20, 1994; 70:18 p. 35-37 - on Boswell's book. McMillen, Liz, "Same-sex rituals", Chronicle of Higher Education Jun 29, 1994; 40:43 p. A6-A7+ Olson, Ray, "Gay and lesbian books: They're everywhere -- Same-Sex Unions in Premodern Europe by John Boswell", Booklist Jun 1, 1994; 90:19-20 p. 1735 Paglia, Camille, Washington Post (July 17 1994) - very critical review by ever-press-seeking critic. Preston, Bill, "'Doonesbury' draws attention to new book on same-sex unions", National Catholic Reporter Jul 1, 1994; 30:33 p. 5 Shaw, Brent, "A Groom of One's Own?", The New Republic (July 18 1994), 33-41 - sharply critical review by classical historian. Steinfels, Peter, "Chronicling Medieval Rituals in Same Sex Unions: What were They Solomenizing". New York Times (Jun 11 1994) - summary, and some questions. Stumpf, Doug, "You may now kiss the groom -- Same-Sex Unions in Premodern Europe by John Boswell", New York Jun 20, 1994; 27:25 p. 59 Stuttaford, Genevieve, "Nonfiction -- Same-Sex Unions in Premodern Europe by John Boswell", Publishers Weekly Jun 6, 1994; 241:23 p. 52 Woodward, Kenneth L, "Do you, Paul, take Ralph ... -- Same-Sex Unions in Premodern Europe by John Boswell", Newsweek Jun 20, 1994; 123:25 p. 76-77 Brown, Peter R. L., Augustine of Hippo : a biography, (London: Faber; Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967) Brown, Peter, The Body and Society: Men Women, and Sexual Renunciation in Early Christianity, (New York: Columbia UP, 1988) Important book by the foremost scholar of late antiquity on the emergence of Christian sexual ethics and thought about the body. Vital. Brundage, James, "Let Me Count the Ways: Canonists and Theologians Contemplate Coital Positions", Journal of Medieval History 10:2 (1984), pp. 81-93 Brundage, James, Law, Sex, and Christian Society in Medieval Europe, (Chicago & London: University of Chicago Press, 1987) Now be the standard work on the subject. Bullough, Vern L., "Byzantium and Eastern Orthodox Christianity", in Sexual Variance in Society and History, (Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1976. pp, 317-346 Bullough, Vern, "Transvestites in the Middle Ages", American Journal of Sociology, 79 (1974), 1381-94 Stresses female saints. reprinted in his Sexual Practices. Bullough, Vern L. & James Brundage, Sexual Practices and the Medieval Church, (New Concepts in Human Sexuality Series) (Prometheus Books, 1982) Brundage is a major canon lawyer. Uses quantative methods that are hair-raising at times Castelli, Elizabeth, "`I Will Make Mary Male': Pieties of the Body and Gender: Transformation of Christian Women in Late Antiquity", in Julia Epstein and Kristina Straub, eds. , Body Guards: The Cultural politics of Gender Ambiguity, (New York: Routledge, 1991), 29-39 Cleugh, James, Love Locked Out: A Survey of Love, License, and Restriction in the Middle Ages, (London: Anthony Blond, 1963) Compton, Louis, "Sodomy and Civil Doom: The History of an Unchristian Tradition", Vector Nov 1975, 23-27, 57-58 Brief survey. Crompton, Louis, "Gay Genocide: From Leviticus to Hitler", in Louis Crew, ed., The Gay Academic, (Palm Springs, CA: Etc Publications, 1978), 67-91 Curtius, Ernst R., European Literature and the Latin Middle Ages, (Preinceton NJ: Princeton UP, 1953) See esp pp. 113-27. A discussion of the 11-12th century clerical culture, discussed at greater length by Boswell, which was tolerant of homosexual erotic literature. Daniel, Marc, 'Was St. Thomas [a Becket] a Homosexual?", Homophile Studies: ONE Institute Quarterly, 19 (1963), 68-71 Discusses play by Jean Anouilh which portaryed Becket and Henry II as gay. Concludes that there is not sufficient evidence. Dynes, Wayne, "Christianity and the Politics of Sex", in Warren Johansson et al., Homosexuality, Intolerance and Christianity, A Critical Examination, (New York: Scholarship Committee, Gay Academic Union, 1981) Less obessively anti-Christian than his colleagues in this collection of attacks on Boswell.. Clearly defines, apparently for all gay people, Christianity as "our enemy". Eekhoud, Georges, "Saint Sebastien dans la peinture", Akdemos 1 (Feb 15 1909), 171-75 Eilberg-Schwartz, Howard, "People of the Body: The Problem of the Body for the People of the Book", Journal of the History of Sexuality 2:1 (1991), 1-24 Fiske, Adele M. Friends and Friendship in the Monastic Tradition, (Cuernavaca, Mexico: Centro Internacional de Documentacion, 1970) On same-sex friendships in the middle ages. Forsyth, Ilene, "The Ganymede Capital at Vezelay", Gesta: International Center of Medieval Art 15:1-2 (1976), pp. 241-246 Galatariotou, Catia, "Holy Women and Witches: Aspects of Byzantine Conceptions of Gender", Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 9 (1984/85), 55-94 Galatariotou, Catia, "Byzantine Ktetorika Typika: A Comparative Study", Revue des études byzantins 45 (1987), 77- 138 Despite its odd title, this contains one of the best discussions of Byzantine homosexuality - based on an examination of monastic foundation documents - the "typika" of the title. Gauthier, Albert, "La sodomie dans le droit canonique medieval" in L'Erotisme au Moyen Age: Etudes presentees au IIe Colloque de l'Institut d'Etudes Medievales, 3-4 Avril 1976, ed. Roy, Bruno (Montreal: Ed. Aurore, 1977), pp. 109-122 Gilmour-Bryson, Anne, The Trial of the Templars in the Papal States and the Abruzzi, (Vatican: Biblioteco Apostolica Vaticana, 1982) Goodich, Michael, "Sodomy in Ecclesiastical Law and Theory", Journal of Homosexuality 1:3 (1976), pp. 427-434 Looks at penitentials, patristics, canons, episcopal instructions to the clergy. Green, Richard Hamilton, "Alan of Lille's De planctu Naturae", Speculum 31 (1956), 649-74 Greenberg, D.E. & M.H. Bystrin, "Christian Intolerance of Homosexuality", American Journal of Sociology 88 (1982), pp. 515-548 Herter, Hans, "Effeminatus" in Reallexikon fuer Antike und Christentum: Sachworterbuch zur Auxeinandersetzung des Christentums mit der antiken welt, ed. Theodor Klauser., (Stuttgart : Hiersemann, 1950- ) Issued in parts. Looks at history of Christian condemnation of homosexuality. Horn, Walter, and Ernest Born, The Plan of St. Gall, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979), 3 vols. Discusses Benedictin efforts to prevent sexual contacts with young monks. Ide, Arthur Frederick, Sex, Women and Religion, (Dallas: Monument Press. 1984) Discusses lesbianism in Byzantine convents (p 121). Ide, Arthur Frederick, Lesbianism in the Eearly Religious Order of the Christian Church, (Dallas: Monument Press. 19??) This and the following were reported as "forthcoming" in the 1985 bibliography by Nancy Manahan in Lesbian Nuns: Breaking the Silence. Nothing by Ide is cited by other scholars, and I have not read anything that impresses. Ide, Arthur Frederick, Lesbianism in the Medieval Nunnery, (Dallas: Monument Press. 19??) Johansson, Warren, "Ex parte Themis: The Historic Guilt of the Christian Church", in Warren Johansson et al., Homosexuality, Intolerance and Christianity, A Critical Examination, (New York: Scholarship Committee, Gay Academic Union, 1981) Part of the Gay Academic Union attack on Boswell's book. Members of GAU identified Christianity as the cause of homophobia and opposed what they saw as Boswell's attempt to exonerate the Church. The booklet here also contains an interesting list of reviews of Boswell's book. Johansson has a good command of sources and language, but still comes across as cranky. Johansson, Warren, "London's Medieval Sodomites", Cabiron 10 (1984), 6-7, 34 Based ona text of Richard of Devizes Johnson, Penelope D. , Equal in Monastic Profession: Religious Women in Medieval France, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991) pp 112-130, a discussion of the vow of chastity, including a rare discussion of lesbianism among medieval nuns. There are rare indications of such activity, but very "rare" indeed. Karras, Ruth M. "Friendship and Love in the lives of two twelfth- century English saints", Journal of Medieval History 14:4 (1988), 305-320 Aelred of Rievaulx and Christina of Markyate Koukales, P, The Private Life of the Byzantines [Byzantinon bios kai politismos] 8 vols., (Athens: Institut Francais, 1947-57)(in modern Greek) Vol IV, 505-39 on homosexuality: NB sometimes referred to as Vie et Civilisation byzantines - check for French translation. Laeuchli, Samuel, Power and Sexuality: The Emergence of Canon Law at the Synod of Elvira, (Philadelphia: 1972) Lauritsen, John, "Culpa Ecclesiae: Boswell's Dilemma",in Homosexuality, Intolerance and Christianity: A Critical Examination, (New York: Scholarship Committe, Gay Academic Union, 1981) Attack on Boswell's theory that the Church did not create hatred of gays, by a leading proponent of the theory that the Church was responsible. Quiet virulent about Boswell - who is said to lack "integrity". Lauritsen is now a leading figure in the attempt to deny that HIV causes AIDS. Lea, H.C., A History of the Middle Ages, 3 vols., (New York: Harper, 1887) See Vol 1: 32-34, 85, 101; vol 2, 150, 335, 408; vol 3, 639 Lea, H.C., "Unnatural Crime", in A History of the Inquisition in Spain 4 vols., (New York: Macmillan, 1922), Vol 4, pp. 361-377 (Chapter 16) 1497-1123, finds 20 persons burned at the stake and 48 "relaxed'. Leclerq, Jean, Monks and Love in 12th Century France: Psychohistorical Essays, (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1979) {Reviewed: AHR (1982), p.377} Legman, Gershon, The Guilt of the Templars, (New York: Basic, 1966) Argues that the Templars were a homosexual warrior order and were resistant to medieval Christianity. Poppycock. Levin, Eve, Sex and Society in the World of the Orthodox Slaves, 900-1700, (Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1989) Discusses homosexuality - emphasises that anal sex was the major problem. Also discusses "same-sex unions" [149-150], but seems serioudly misinformed in seeing a Slavic blood brotherhood origin and thinking that manuscriots go back to "at least the 14th century". Boswell has shown much earlier origins. Shows the general confusion over this issue. Little, Lester K., "Pride Goes Before Avarice: Social Change and Vices in Latin Christendom", American Historical Review 76 (1971), pp. 16-49 Discussion of the changes in the relative seriousness of sins and why this happens. McGuire, B., "Love, Friendship and Sex in the 11th Century: The Experience of Anselm", Studia Theologia 28 (1974), pp. 111-155 [Looks at spiritual/erotic affections. Finds Anselm unobsessed with male sexuality.] McGuire, Brian P., "Monastic Friendship and Toleration in Twelfth Century Cistercian Life", in W. J. Shiels., ed., Monks, Hermits and the Ascetic Tradition, Studies in Church History 22, (London: 1985), 147-160 McGuire, Brian, "Looking Back on Friendship: Medieval Experience and Modern Context", Cistercian Studies 21:2 (1986), pp. 123-142 McGuire, Brian P, Brother and Lover: Aelred of Rievaulx, (New York: Crossroad, 1994) Finally McGuire comes out at says that, from a modern perspective, it is appropraite to say Aelred was "gay" (p.142). Interesting biography and context of Aelred's life, plus recent historigraphy are all discussed. There is an interesting chapter on the modern appeal and cult of Aelred. McNeill, John Thomas, and Helena Gamer, eds., Medieval Handbooks of Penance, (New York: Colimbia UP, 1938) Extensive selection in English. See Payer for analysis. Matter, E. Ann, 'My Sister, My Spouse: Women Identified Women in Medieval Christianity", Jourbal of Feminist Studies in Religion 2 (Fall 1986), 81-93 Miles, Margaret, Carnal Knowing: Female Nakedness and Religious Meaning in the Christian West, (Boston: Beacon Press, 1989; pb New York: Vintage, 1991), 53-77 Monter, E. William, "Sodomy and Heresy in Early Modern Switzerland", Journal of Homosexuality 6:1/2 (1980), pp. 41-55, trans. and revision of "La sodomie a l'epoque moderne en Suisse Romande", Annales ESC 29 (1974), pp. 1023-1033 Le Targat, Francois, Saint-Sebastien dans l'histoire de l'art depuis le XVe siecle, (Paris: Paul Vermont, 1977) Le Targat, Francois, Saint-Sebastien: Adonis et martyr, (Paris: Editions Persona, 1983) Naecke, Paul, "On Homosexuality in Albania", International Journal of Greek Love 1:1 (1965), 39-47, translated by Warren Johansson from Jahrbuch fuer sexuelle Zwischenstufen 9 (1908), 325-327 Noonan, John T., Contraception: A History of its Treatment by Catholic Theologians and Canonists, (Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press, 1966) Looks at all forms of "non-procreative" sexuality and Church attitudes to it. Meeks, Wayne A., The Origins of Christian Morality: The First Two Centuries, (New Haven CT: Yale UP, 1993) Meeks does not really address homosexuality, but he does discuss the origins of the overall sexual ethic with some verve and interest. Olsen, Glenn, "St. Anselm and Homosexuality", Anselm Studies (1988) Article by a conservative Roman Catholic scholar. Pagels, Elaine, Adam, Eve and the Serpent, (New York: Random House, 1988; pb New York: Vintage, 1989) A discussion of the various reinterpretations of the Adam and Eve myth and its repercussions on Western views of sex. Pagels thinks Augustine is largely responsible for the idea that original sin is carried in semen. The book has been criticised by many. Payer, Pierre J., Sex and the Penitentials: Formation of a Sexual Code 550-1150, (Toronto: Univ. of Toronto Press, 1984) Much more negative than Boswell, but then part of Boswell's argument is the concentration on laws and official documents has substantially misrepresented the history of homosexuality in the middle ages. Partner, Peter, The Murdered Magicians: The Templars and Their Myth,(London: Oxford UP, 1982) Suggests the Templats were homosexual. Peter Damian, Liber Gomorrhanius in MPL 145, cols. 159-190, and as Book of Gomorrah: An Eleventh Century Treatise Against Clerical Homosexual Practice, trans. Pierre J. Payer, (Waterloo, Ont.: Wilfred Laurier University Press, 1982) One of the strongest attacks in the middle ages on homo sexuality. The only surviving one it seems. Ranke-Heinemann, Ute, Eunuchs for the Kingdom of God: Women, Sexuality, and the Catholic Church, trans Peter Heinegg, (New York: Doubleday, 1990, German ed. 1988) Although Ranke-Heinemann is somewaht selective in her views, she marshals much evidence about the history of Roman Catholic attitudes towards sex, boty those that have changed and those that have not. She is much more pessimistic than Boswell. Chapter 27 address homosexuality directly, but it is her other chapters that ar most interesting. Reviews Berry, Jason, "One Angry Catholic", New York Times Book Review Dec 30, 1990; p. 7, 8:1 Cahill, Susan, "Books: Critics' Choices for Christmas ", Commonweal Dec 7, 1990; 117:21 p. 730-731 Chadwick, Henry, "Celibacy Slated", Times Literary Supplement Jun 22, 1990; :4551 p. 663 Chittister, Joan, "If Bashing Is Backed by the Facts, Beware", National Catholic Reporter Feb 8, 1991; 27:15 p. 19-20 Genovesi, Vincent J, Theological Studies Dec 1991; 52:4 p. 770-773 Gleason, Elisabeth G, Catholic Historical Review Oct 1991; 77:4 p. 659-660 Hardy, Linda, "Cardinal Bashes Book, Makes It a Best- Seller -- Eunuchs for the Kingdom of Heaven: Women, Sexuality, and the Catholic Church by Uta Ranke-Heinemann and translated by Peter Heinegg Photograph", National Catholic Reporter Feb 8, 1991; 27:15 p. 19-20 Maitland, Sara, "Blind Mouths", New Statesman & Society Apr 20, 1990; 3:97 p. 37 Porter, Jean, America Mar 30, 1991; 164:12 p. 350 Read, Piers Paul, "When Sex Is Not a Sin", Spectator May 12, 1990; 39-40 Stuttaford, Genevieve, "Nonfiction: Eunuchs for the Kingdom of Heaven ", Publishers Weekly Oct 19, 1990; 237:42 p. 45 Watts, Richard S, "Religion: Eunuchs for the Kingdom of Heaven", Library Journal Dec 1990; 115:21 p. 130 Weeks, Jeffrey, History Today Nov 1992; 42 p. 57 Wright, A D, History Feb 1993; 78:252 p. 65-66 Ringrose, Kathryn, "Living in the Shadows: Eunuchs and Gender in Byzantium", in Gilbert Herdt, ed., Third Sex, Third Gender, (New York: Zone, 1994), 85-110 Roby, Douglass, "Early Medieval Attitudes to Homosexuality", Gai Saber 1 (1977), 67-79 Russell, Kenneth C., "Aelred, the Gay Abbot of Rievaulx", Studia Mystica 5:4 (Winter 1982), 51-64 Salisbury, Joyce E., "The Latin Doctors of the Church on Sexuality", Journal of Medical History 12:4 (1986), pp. 279-290 Augustine, Ambrose, Jerome - After Augustine a change in view and celibacy seen as essential. Saslow, James M, "The Tenderest Lover: Saint Sebastian in Renaissance Painting: A proposed Iconology for North Italian Art, 1450-1550", Gai Saber 1:1 (Spring 1977), 58-66, and response by Wayne Dynes, Gai Saber 1:2 (Summer 1977), 150-51 Sheehan, M.M., "Christianity and Homosexuality", Journal of Ecclesiastical History 33 (1982), pp. 438-446 Reviews Boswell, Social Tolerance, Goodich, Unmentionable Vice, and Coleman, Christian Attitudes Shiels, W.J., ed., Persecution and Tolerance. Studies in Church History 21, (1984) Collected articles. Tannahill. Reay, Sex in History, (Briarcliff Manor NY: Stein and Day, 1980; pb New York: Scarborough Books, 1982) Extended journalistic account of sex in history. Nevertheless useful and the easiest place to find information such as how castration was performed. Discusses the effects of Christianity, and the Sodom story, p. 153ff, p.285ff and p.375ff. Tentler, Thomas T., Sex and Confession on the Eve of the Reformation, (New York: 1979) Watkins, Renee Neu, "Mythology as Code: Lapo da Castiglionchio's View of Homosexuality and Materialism at the Curia", Journal of the History of Ideas Jan 1992; 53:1 p. 138-144 [Abstract from electronic database]:In 1438, Lapo da Castiglionchio wrote a lengthy Latin dialogue defending the service of the Pope and the tone of life at the Curia. He also made three references to homosexuality. His views toward homosexuals are discussed. Wetherbee, Winthrop, "The Function of Poetry in `De Planctu Naturae" of Alain de Liile", Traditio 25 (1969), pp. 86- 125 Unsympathetic to homosexuality. See pp. 102-105 Wright, David, "Homosexuality" in Encyclopedia of Early Christianity. ed. Everett Ferguson et al., (New York : Garland Pub., 1990) Contains this gem "The conclusion must be that for all the interest and stimulus Boswell's book provides in the end of the day NOT ONE PIECE OF EVIDENCE that the teaching mind of the early Church countenanced homosexual activity." See entry under Biblical studies on an earlier Wright article. Ziolkowski, Jan, Alan of Lille's Grammar of Sex: The Meaning of Gramma to a Twelfth Century Intellectual, Speculum Anniversary Monographs 10, (Cambridge, Mass.: Medieval Academy of America, 1985) review, Speculum 63 (1988), p. 1015. Alan discussed homosexuality using a metaphor of bad grammar. Zymaris, Nicholas, "The Rite of `Spiritual Brotherhood', Homosexuality, and the Orthodox Church", Axios (May 1984), 6-8 Zymaris, who is a long term student of Albania, speaks Albanian and has visisted as recently as 1993 churches in Albania which perform liturgical same-sex unions. B: Modern (Since 1500) Anabarbite Rivas, Hector and Ricardo Lorenzo Sanz, Homosexualidad: el asunto esta caliente, (Madrid: Queimada, 1979) Looks at data from the Inquisition and then modern Spanish gay movement. Briggs, Kenneth, Holy Siege: The Year That Shook Catholic America, (1992) Review Watts, Richard S, Library Journal Oct 15, 1992; 117:17 p. 71 Bristow, Edward J, Vice and Vigilence: Purity Movements in Britain since 1700, (Totowa NJ: Rowman and Littlefield, 1977) Brown, Judith C., "Lesbian Sexuality in Renaissance Italy: The Case of Sister Benedetta Carlini", Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 9:4 (Summer 1984), pp. 751-758; repr. in The Lesbian Issue: Essays from Signs, ed. Estelle B. Freedman et al (Chicago & London: Univ. of Chicago Press, 1985), pp. 271-278 Brown, Judith C., Immodest Acts - The Life of a Lesbian Nun in Renaissance Italy, (New York: Oxford UP, 1986) Discusses life and trials of Sister Benedetta Carlini in the 17th century. A rather late idead of "Renaissance". Expansion of an earlier article in Signs 9:4 (1984), 751-58 Reviews Bell, R.M., "Renaissance Sexuality and the Florentine Archives; the "lesbian nun" of Judith Brown", Renaissance Quarterly 40 (1987), 485-511 -Review article and discussion. Boswell, John, "Old Habits, New Habits", New Republic Jan 6, 1986; 194:1 p. 36-39 Randall, Frederika, "Divine Visions, Diabolical Obsessions", New York Times Book Review Jan 19, 1986; p. 27 Jnl Mod Hist 60(1988), 172-174 Cath Hist Rev 73(1987), 619-620 Histoire 108(1988), p.66 American Journal of Sociology 93(1987), 324-336; Chauncy Jr., George, "Christian Brotherhood of Sexual Perversion? Homosexual Identities and the Construction of Sexual Boundaries in the World War I Era", Journal of Social History 19 (1985), 189-212, repr. in Martin Bauml Duberman, Martha Vincus and Ceorge Chauncey, eds. Hidden From History, (New York: NAL, 1989), 294-317 Cooney, John, The American Pope: The Life and Times of Francis Cardinal Spellman, (New York: Times Books, 1984) Diocesan pressure reportedly reduced the discussion of "Franny's" homosexuality in this book. Cooney cautiously mentions it on p. 91 and p.109 - and gives sources for his information. As Gore Vidal is quoted as saying "The serious crimes of Spellman were not sexual." Defensa de los religiones de Convento de la Merced conta el proyecto de ley sobre supression de las communidades en el Peru, (Lima: 1886) Defense of a monastery accused of "unnatural practices. Delon, Michel, "The Priest, the Philosopher, and Homosexuality in Enlightenment France", Eighteenth Century Life 9 (1985), 122-131 Delumeau, Jean, Sin and Fear: The Emergence of Western Guilt Culture in thr 13th-18th Centuries, trans. Eric Nicholson, (New York: St. Martins Press, 1990; French original 1983) A widely read discussion of the emergence of a "guilt culture" in the Est. Pp 436-45 is a vital discussion of the obsession with impurity, and indeed its equation with sin, in the Counter-Reformation period. Despite modern Roman approval of marriage, Delumeau demonstrates that long after marriage had been accepted as "sacrament" (in the 13th century), Roman Catholic leaders and moralists remained extremely suspicious of any sexuality. The chief point of the book, though, is its discussion of the use of fear and guilt (with phenomena like "sin lists) by religious leaders to terrify and control the laity. Dickerman, Edmund H. "Henry III's Devotions: A Study in Sex and Religion", Journal of Psychohistory 5:3 (1978), 429- 42 Tries to link Henry's religious activity to his "feminine nature". Dorn, Georgette M, "Latin", American -- Sexuality and Marriage in Colonial Latin", America edited by Asuncion Lavrin", Catholic Historical Review Apr 1991; 77:2 p. 346-348 Dowling, Linda, Hellenism and Homosexulaity in Victorian Oxford, (Ithaca and London: Cornell, 1994) Although her interests are more general, Dowling devotes a chapter to examining the Tractarian, or Oxford movement in the Church of England, which led to many converts to Roman Catholicism as well as the modern Anglo-Catholic movement. She discusses the homosexuality in the lives of figures such as Gerard Manly Hopkins, Fr. William Faber and John Henry Newman, relying at time on Geoffrey Faber's book cited here below, Dubois-Desaulle, G., Les infames pretres et moines non- conformistes en amour, (Paris: Editions de la raison, 1902) An example of French anti-clerical literature of the late 19th/early 20th century. This one, claimiing to draw its sources from police records, list and descibes a lrage number of homosexual French clergymen. This mainly concerns records from the early and mid 18th century. Duperray, Michel., De l'etat et de la capacité des ecclésiastiques pour les ordres et bénéfices, (Paris: P. Emery et M. Brunoet, 1703) For clerical homsexuals see pp. 312-20 (III, 8) Faber, Geoffrey, The Oxford Apostles, (London: 1933) Discusses homosexuality in the Anglo-Catholic moevment, and of such Roman converts as Newman, Richard Hurrell Froude, Fr. Frederick Faber. Harris, John, The Destruction of Sodom: A Sermon Preached at the Public Fast, before the Honourable Assembly of the House of Commons of Parliament, (London: C. Latham, 1628) Example of 16th century sins of sodom litearture. Hebblethwaite, Peter, Paul VI, (New York: 199?) Extensive and well-received biography of Pope Paul VI. Gives a good insight into the history of Catholicism in the early and mid 20th century. Discusses, in somewhat subdued terms, Paul's homosexuality. Hillard, David, "UnEnglish and Unmanly: Anglo-Catholicism and Homosexuality", Victorian Studies 25 (Winter 1982), 181-210 Very interesting account of homosexuality and the Anglo- Catholic movement in the Anglican Church. Horner, Tom, Eros in Greece: A Sexual Inquiry, (New York: Aegean Books, 1978) Looks at modern Greede. Pp. 54-74 on gays. Hurteau, Pierre, "Catholic Moral Discourse on Male Sodomy and Masturbation in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries", Journal of the History of Sexuality 4:1 (1993), 1-32 Humphreys, Laud, Out of the Closests: the Sociology of Homosexual Liberation, (Englewood Cliffs NJ: Prentice- Hall, 1972) Very early discussion of the emerginig gay rights movement. Pp. 143-153 discusses the involvement of gay Christians in movement, and the support provided by liberal ehurches from the very beginning. Iaroslavskij, Eme;'ian Mikhailovich, Biblia dlia veruiuschchikh i neveriuiushchikh. Chast' Il. Kniga Bytiia (The Bible for Believers and Unbelievers, Part II. The Book of Genesis), (Moscow and Leningrad: Gosudarstvennoe izdatel'stvo, 1925), 34-39 Tries to link "sodomy" to vices practiced in Christian monasteries. Ofetn reprinted in the former Soveit Union as anti-religious propaganda. Jarrige, Pierre, Les jesuites mis sur l'eschaufard, (Leiden: J. Nicolas, 164) By a Jesuit who converted to Calvinism. See Chapter 5 on homosexuality. Jurrieu, Pierre, Prèjugés legitimes contre le papisme, (Amsterdam: H. Desbordes, 1685) Attacks sodomy amongst the Catholic clergy. Maynard, John, Victorian Discourses on Sexuality and Religion, (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 199?) Mott, Luiz, and Aroldo Assuncao, "Love's Labors Lost: Five Letters from a Seventeenth Century Portuguese Sodomite" in Kent Gerard and Gert Hekma, eds., The Pursuit of Sodomy: Male Homosexuality in Renaissance and Englightenment Europe, (New York: Harrington Park Press, 1989) [also issued as Journal of Homosexuality 16:1/2 (1988)), 91-104 The oldest homoerotic love letters in a European vernacular - sent by the sacristan of Silves Cathedral in 1664. Preserved courtesy of the inquisition. Perry, Mary Elizabeth, Crime and Society in Early Modern Seville, (Hanover NH: University Presses of New England, 1980) The spectacle of over 300 sodomites nurned to death, and an account by Pedro de Leon, who attended them before hand. Perry, Mary Elizabeth, "The `Neferious Sin" in Early Modern Seville" in Kent Gerard and Gert Hekma, eds., The Pursuit of Sodomy: Male Homosexuality in Renaissance and Englightenment Europe, (New York: Harrington Park Press, 1989) [also issued as Journal of Homosexuality 16:1/2 (1988)), 67-90 Unlike Italy, where secular governments ran the sodomy prosecutions, in Spain the Inquisition was in charge. This is a statistical account from 17th century Seville. Posner, Donald, "Caravaggio's Early Homo-erotic Works", Art Quarterly 24 (1971), 301-26 Discusses Caravaggio's milieu, that around the homosexual Cardinal del Monte. Reade, Brian, ed., Sexual Heretics: Male Homosexuality in English Literature from 1850-1900, (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1970) The introduction contains a discussion of homosexuality and Anglo-Catholicism, as well as homosexuality and Roman Catholicism. Discusses Newman, Froude and Faber. Mostly consists of extracts from prose works and poems. Includes works by Catholic authors Oscar Wilde, Gerard Manley Hopkins, Marc Andre Raffalovichs, A.C. Benson, and Fredrick William Rolfe. Rougement, Denis de, Love in the Western World, trans Montomery Belgion, rev. ed. (New York: Pantheon, 1956; pb New York: Harper, 1956) See pp. 159-64 for an intersting discussion of passion and eroticism in the mysticism of St. Theresa and St. John of the Cross. Russell, George W.E., Saint Alban the Martyr, Holborn: A History of Fifty Years, (London: George Allen and Co., 1913) Account of a famous Anglo-Catholic ritualist church in London which even in 1913 was, as the book says, "a young man's church". The Church in over 150 years never seems to have had anything other than homosexual clergy. Sears, James T., Growing up gay in the South : race, gender, and journeys of the spirit, (New York : Haworth Press, 1991) Seed, Patricia, "Reviews of Books: De la Santidad a la Perversion ", American Historical Review Apr 1989; 94:2 p. 557-558 [Abstract from electronic database]:Patricia Seed reviews "De la Santidad a la Perversion: O de porque no se cumplia la ley de Dios en la sociedad novohispana," edited by Sergio Ortega. Trevisan, Joao S., Perverts in Paradise, trans. Martin Foreman, (London: GMP, 1986) A historical account of gays in Brazil. Trevisan, who is a pioneer in the rich field of Brazilian gay history, recounts the activities of the Inquisition on Brazil against "sodmites". IV Biblical Studies A: General Bartlett, David L., "A Biblical Perspective on Homosexuality", Foundations: Baptist Journal of History and Theology 20 (1977), 133-46 The biblical references condemn, but grace is stronger than condemnation. Barnett, Walter, Homosexuality and the Bible : an interpretation, Wallingford, PA : Pendle Hill Publications, c1979. Bartlett, David, "A Biblical Perspective of Homosexuality", Foundations 20:2 (April-June 1977) Cole, William Graham, Sex and Love in the Bible, (New York :Julian, 1956) Chapter 10 on homosexuality. A real nasty one this. The Bible condemns, but gay people are also psychologically sick. Edwards, George R, Gay/Lesbian Liberation: A Biblical Perspective, (New York: The Prilgrim Press, 1984) Attempts to apply a Liberation Theology perspective to the issue. England, The Rev. Michael E., The Bible and Homosexuality (San Francisco: MCC?Beulahland Press, 1979) Looks at 8 passages in OT and NT - concludes antigay sentiment is minimal or time bound. Helminiak, Daniel, What the Bible Really Says about Homosexuality, (San Francisco: Alamo Square Press, 1994) Gay Roman Catholic priest and biblical scholar summarises and presents in easily digestible form for the non-expert the findings of Boswell, Scroggs and Countryman. Also cites Hays, Peteren, and Wright [all in this bibliography]. Hirs Franz Joseph, "Homoseksualiteit en theologie: een oversicht over de afgelopen tien jaar", Tijdschrift voor theologie 22 (1982), 178-98 'Homosexualitaet und Bible; von eimen katholischen Geistlichen", JFZ 4 (1902), 199-243 By an anonymous Catholic religious, this publication in the academic jouranl of the early German gay rights movement goes over the usual "proof texts" and argues they are not anti-gay. Horner, Tom, Sex in the Bible, (Rutland VT: Tuttle, 1974) Ide, Arthur Frederick., Zoar & her sisters : homosexuality, the Bible, and Jesus Christ, (Oak Cliff, Tex. : Minuteman Press, 1991) Mount, Eric, and Joanne W. H. Bos, "Scriptures on Sexuality: Shifting Authority", Journal of Presbyterian History 59 (Summer 1981), 219-42 Patai, Raphael, Sex and Family in the Bible and the Middle East, (Garden City NY: Doubleday, 1959) Uses modern reports to interpret the Bible. An illegitmate assumption of continuity is made. Pennington, Sylvia, Good News for Modern Gays : a Pro-Gay Biblical Approach, (Hawthorne, CA : Lambada Lite Productions, Lambda Christian Fellowship, c1985) Ridderbos, Simon Jan, Der homosexuelle Naechste, (Hamburg: Fusche Verlag, 1963), See "Bibel und Homosexualitat", 50-73 Schoeps, Hans-Jaochim, "Homosexualitat und Bibel", Zeitschrift fuer evangelische Ethik 6 (1962), 369-74 One of the first people to look at the issue. Sheppard, Gerard, T., "The Use of Scripture within the Christian Ethical debate Concerning Same-Sex Oriented Persons", Union Theological Seminary Quarterly Review 40 (1985), 13-55 Siker, Jeffrey S. "How to Decide? Homosexual Christians, the Bible and Gentile Exclusion", Theology Today July 1994 The author is a Presbyterian Asst. Prof. of Theology at Loyola Marymount University. He proposes two models by analogy for considering the Christian view of homosexuality. The traditional view is analogized to alcoholism, in the sense that one is dealing with an aspect of fallen humanity in which an individual's predisposition is genetic, and the question is one of behavior. The modern (for lack of a better term) view is that one is dealing with a problem similar to that which the first Jewish Christians had in accepting Gentiles into the church. There is an interesting argument that Paul condemned only certain forms of exploitive forms of homosexual behavior, and not homosexuality per se [comment by Harmon Dow Harmon_Dow@CCSBBS.UCHICAGO.EDU] Spong, John S. Rescuing the Bible for Fundamentalists, (San Francisco: HarperSanFranciso, 1991) The Anglican bishop of Newark looks, inter alia, at issues of the Bible and homosexuality. Suggest St. Paul was a repressed homosexual Streecker, Georg, "Homosexualitat in biblischer Sicht", Kerygma und Dogma 28 (1982), 127-41 Condemned in Bible, but Bible cannot erase God's judgement and grace. Sweetin, Ellen M., Called out of our closets :a lesbian/gay biblical ethic of liberation, Thesis 1986. GTU - Berkeley Swidler, Leonard, Biblical Affirmations of Women, (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1979), Look especially at pp. 118-123 for a discussion of the story of Ruth and Naomi. Treese, Robert L., Homosexuality: a contemporary view of the Biblical perspective; prepared for the Consultation on Theology and the Homosexual ; sponsored by Glide Urban Center and the Council on Religion and.Homosexuality, (San Francisco, Calif. : Glide Urban Center, 1966?). Very early study sponsored by the Clerical organization wihc was so important in early San Francisco gay activism. Von Rohr, John. Homosexuality: Biblical and theological perspectives; a paper for the Pacific Coast Theological Group. [n. p.] 1965. Papers (Pacific Coast Theological Society) Weber, Joseph C., "Does the Bible Condemn Homosexual Acts?", Engage/Social Action 3:5 (May 1975), 28-31, 34-35 Westermarck, Edward, The Origin and Development of Moral Ideas, 2d ed, (London: Macmillan, 1917) Chaoer 43 on "Homosexual Love". White, Andrew Dickson, A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom, (New York: D. Appleton, 1890), 2 vols. Capter 18 (vol 2: 209-63), shows that the Sodom story is without historical basis, but is a myth arising from the geography of the Dead Sea region. Wine, Walter, "Biblical Perspectives on Homosexuality", Christian Century 96:36 (Nov 7 1979), 1082-86 Woogon, Harry A., "A Biblical and Historical Study of Homosexuality", Jouranl of Religious Health 20 (1981), 156-73 B: Jewish Scriptures (Old Testament) Astor, Michael, "Tamar the Hierodule", Journal of Biblical Literature 85 (1966), 185-96 Argues the "kedeshim" were indeed male cult prostitutes. Barton, George A, "Sodom", in James Hastings, ed., Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, (New York: Charles Scribner's and Sons, 1921), Vol 10, p672 Early denial of homosexual interpretation of Sodom legend. "David und der heilige Augustin, zwei Bisexuelle", JFZ 2 (1900), 288-94 Early German discussion of David's bisexulaity, along with St. Augustine's. Douglas, Mary, Purity and Danger, (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1966) Vastly influential book by an anthropologist who examined the Levitical code and argued that it is a purity code. She explores what this means. See Countryman for one use of her ideas. Engelsing, Rolf, Wie Sodom und Gomorrha : d. Zerstorung d. Stadte, (Berlin : Mann, 1978) Fields, Weston W., Sodom and Gomorrah : tradition, motif, and message : a traditio- literary study of Genesis 19 and related Biblical narratives, (Israel : h. mo. l., 1992, Thesis (Ph. D.)--ha-Universitah ha-Ivrit bi- Yerushalayim, 1992) Gangel, Kenneth, The Gospel and the Gay, (Nashville: Nelson, 1978) Sees homosexuality as "tragic". Mainly looks at the Old Testament (Jewish Scriptures), Hay, Henry, "The Moral Climate of Canaan at the Time of the Judges", ONE Institute Quarterly 1 (Spring 1958), 8-16 and 2 (Summer 1958), 50-59 By one of the founders of the modern gay movement. Horner, Tom, Jonathan Loved David: Homosexuality in Biblical Times, (Philadelphia: Westeminster, 1978) Long and thorough discussion of all the important Biblical texts. Argues that David did love Jonathan. Ide, Arthur Frederick., Gomorrah & the rise of homophobia, (Las Colinas : Liberal Press, 1985) This author publishes a great deal of what look like relevent material, but does not seem to be reffered to by other authors. Ide, Arthur Frederick., The city of Sodom & homosexuality in western religious thought to 630 CE, (Dallas : Monument Press, 1985) Ide, Arthur Frederick., Noah and the Ark: The Influence of Sex, Homophobia and Heterosexism in the Flood Story (1992) Kyle, Melvin Grove, Explorations at Sodom : the story of ancient Sodom in the light of modern research, (New York : Arno Press, 1977, 1928., reprint of the 1928 ed. published by F. H. Revell Co., New York). Loader, J. A., A Tale Of Two Cities : Sodom And Gomorrah In The Old Testament, Early Jewish And Early Christian Traditions, (Kampen : J.H. Kok Pub. House, 1990) Martin, Damien, "The Perennial Canaanites: the Sin of Homosexuality", Etc 41 (1984), pp. 340-361 Niditch, Susan, "The `Sodomite' Theme in Judges 19-20: family, Community, and Social Disintegration", Catholic Biblical Quarterly 44 (1982), 365-78 Phillps, Antony, "Uncovering Father's Skirt". Vetus Testamentum 30 (1980), 38-43 On Deut. 23:16, Lev 18:7 and Gen 9:20 ff - sees them as prohibitions against sones seducing fathers. Roth, Wolfgang, "What of Sodom amd Gemorrah? Homosexual Acts in the Old Testament", Explor 1:2 (Fall, 1975), 7-14 Ukleja, P. Michael, "Homosexuality and the Old Testament", Biblia sacra 104 (1983), 259-66 Wood, Robert W., "Homosexual Behavior in the Bible", ONE Institute Quarterly 5:1 (1962), 10-19 Sees both David and Jonathan, and Ruth and Naomi stories as probably homosexual. Yamauchi, Edwin M. "Was Nehemiah the cupbearer a eunuch?",Zeitschrift fuer die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft 92:1 (1980) 132-142 According to Neh 1:11 Nehemiah was a cupbearer to the Persian king. Extrabiblical texts and artistic representations reveal the importance of this office. From a variety of argument, chiefly references in Ctesias, most scholars have concluded that Nehemiah was probably a eunuch. A critical examination of these arguments, however, reveals that many of them are untenable or less than convincing. Though Nehemiah may have been a eunuch, we cannot assert that this was more than a possibility. C: New Testament Allison, Dale C. "Eunuchs because of the kingdom of heaven (Matt 19-12)", TSF Bulletin 8: 2 November-December 1984, 2-5 Argues that the original meaning of the Lord's words in Matt 19:12 is to be gained through 1) knowledge of the status and classification of eunuchs in ancient Judaism; 2) awareness of the existence of a common proverbial sentence pattern (see, for example, Prov 20:15; 27:3; 30:33; Matt 8:20; 12:25-26) and 3) reflections on the polemical context of Jesus' ministry. All this leads to the conclusion that Matt 19:12 was the carefully formulated response to the derogatory jeer that Jesus was a eunuch". Brooten, Bernadette J, "Paul's Views on the Nature of Women and Female Homoeroticism", in Clarissa W. Atkinson et al, eds, Immaculate and Powerful: The Female in Sacred Image and Social Reality, (Boston: Beacon Press, 1985) Cote, Pierre-Rene, "Les eunuques pour le Royaume" ,Eglise et Theologie (Ottawa) 17:3 (1986) 321-334 Countryman, L. William, Dirt, Greed & Sex: Sexual Ethics in the New Testament and Their Implications for Today, (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1988) Countryman, L. William, The Bible and Sex: How St Paul Faced New Moral Questions, (Cinncinnati: Forward Movement Publications, 1989) Pamphlet which examines 1 Corinthians 7, and suggests that St. Paul's approach was complex and non-dogmatic. Devor. Richard, C., "Homosexuality and St. Paul", Pastoral Psychology 23 [no. 224] (Mar 1972), 50-58 Doughty, Darrell, "Homosexuality and Obedience", Church and Society 67:5 (May-Jun 1977), 12-23 Insists on looking at theology, not a new New Testament law for answers. Furnish, Victor Paul, The Moral Teaching of Paul; Selected Issues, (Nashville:Nelson, 1978) Pp 52-83 sees St. Paul as condemning "exploitative homosexuality. Hays, R.B., "Relations Natural and Unnatural: A Response to John Boswell's Exegesis of Romans I", Journal of Religious Ethics 14 (1986), pp. 184-215 Widely cited attack on one aspect of Boswell's argument. Criticised by William Countryman in Dirt Greed and Sex . Ide, Arthur Frederick, Battling with beasts : sex in the life and letters of St. Paul : the issue of homosexuality, heterosexuality, and bisexuality, (Garland, Tex. : Tangelwuld Press, 1991) Jeremias, Joachim, "Zu Rm I 22-32", Zeitschrift fuer die nuetestamentliche Wissenschaft 45 (1954), 119-121 Johansson, Warren, "Whoever Shall Say to His Brother Racha (Matthew 5:22)", Cabirion and Gay Books Bulletin 10 (1984), 2-4 Argues that "racha" is a loan word meaning "passive" effeminate homosexual. Since "moros" (which means "fool") can also mean "active" homosexual, Johansson is arguing here that Jesus is saying something like 'Don't call your brother "queer" or "faggot"'. Johnson, Luke Timothy, "Scripture and Spirit", Commonweal 121:2 (Jan 28 1994), 11-14 Sole "pro-gay" voice in an infamous Commonweal special on homosexuality whihc had no lesbian or gay contributor. Concludes by asking "are there narratives of homosexual holiness to which we must begin to listen?' Kahler, Else, "Exegese zweier neutestamentlicher Stellen" in Theodor Bovet, ed., Probleme der Homophilie in medizinischer, theologischer und juristischer Sicht, (Bern: Haupt, 1695), 12-43. Looks at Romans 1:18-32 and I Cor 6:9-11. Krauss, Samuel, Das Leben Jesu nach juedishen Quellen, (Berlin: S. Calvary, 1902) Mentions sources for a combat in the air betweem Jesu and Judas in which Judas sodomizes his opponent! pp. 8, 268 Linscheid, John, ed., Christians and Homosexuality - A Discussion of Biblical and Ethical Issues, 2nd ed., (Philadelphia: the Other Side, 1990) Petersen, William L., "On the Study of "Homosexuality" in Patristic Sources", Studia Patristica 20 (1989), 283-88 Criticises both Boswell and David Wright [misnamed as "John Wright"] on the issue of "arsenokoitai", especially Wright's defence of the RSV translation as "homosexuals". Argues that the word does not mean "all male-male sexual acts", although he does a general Christian aversion to all sex. Robin Scroggs, The New Testament and Homosexuality: Contextual Background for Contemporary Debate, (Philadelphia: Fortress Press: 1983) Smith, Don, Early Christianity and 'the homosexual': a postscript to a blasphemy trial and a challenge to Mrs Whitehouse (in 'measured tones'), (London: Quantum Jump Publications, 1979) Response to Mary Whithouse, a British anti-gay and anti- sex activist, who brought a successful "blasphemous libel" prosecution against "Gay News" in the mid 1970's over its publication of a poem by James Kirkup in which a soldier fantasises about having sex with the dead Christ. Smith, Morton, Clement of Alexandria and a Secret Gospel of Mark, (Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1973) Tries to show a gospel fragment about Jesus' nocturnal initiation of a young man. Smith, Morton, The Secret Gospel: The Discovery and Interepretation of the Secret Gospel of Mark, (New York: Harper and Row, 1973) Smith, Morton, "Clement of Alexandria and the Secret Mark: The Score at the End of the First Decade", Harvard Theological Review 75 (1982), 449-61 Reviews ten years of controversy. Tarachow, Sidney, 'St. Paul and early Christianity: A Psychoanalytic and Historical Study", in W. Muensterberge, ed., Psychoanalysis and the Social Sciences, (New York: International Universities press, 1955), vol 4: 223-81 Argues that Paul had a need for male companionship and that his life and ethcis bear "a strong latent homosexuality." Ukleja, P. Michael, "Homosexuality and the New Testament", Biblia sacra 104 (1983), 350-58 In both articles supports rigorist interpretations. Attacks Boswell on Romans, I Cor. and I Tim. Vischer, Lukas, Die Auslegungsgeschicte von I Kor 6, 1-11: Rechtsverzicht und Schlichtung, Beitaege zur Geschichte der neutestamentlichen Exegese 1, (Tuebingen: J.C.B. Mohr, 1955) Wright, David F., "Homosexuals or Prostitutes? The Meaning of Arsenokoitai (1 Cor 6:9, 1 Tim 1:10", Vigiliae Christianae 38 (1984) 125-53 Serious attack on Boswell's argument that this word does not mean "homosexual". Wright, a conservative evangelical historian at the University of Edinburgh, notes he origin of the word in the Greek of the Septuagint of Leviticus 18:22. Boswell responds in Same- Sex Unions. When Wright first presented these ideas, which are significant, at a University of Edinburgh Faculty Synposium, he began by making a series of homophobic jokes about Boswell's use of the word "gay". Wright, David F., "Early Christian Attitudes to Homosexuality", Studia Patristica 18:3 (1989) 329-33 Critic of Boswell, again. Calls Ausonius a "half-baked Christian. quite. Zaas, Peter, "Was Homosexuality Condoned in the Corinthian Church?", in P. J. Achtemeier, ed., Society of Biblical Literature 1979 Seminar Papers, (Missoula: SBL, 1979), vol 2, 205-12 Looks at comparative material from ancient texts. V Lesbian and Gay Theological Issues A: Homosexuality "A New Theology of Sex:", Harper's Aug 1988; 277:1659 p. 28- 31 [Abstract from electronic database]:An excerpt from the Episcopal Church Center sees sexuality as a gift from God. Acevedo Marrero, Carlos A. (Carlos Anibal), Cristianismo y homosexualidad : una perspectiva puertorriquena, (Vega Alta, P.R. : C.A. Acevedo Marrero, 1992) Aerwyn, Tom, "Law Morality and Religion in a Christian Society", Religious Studies 20 (March 1984), 70-98 "Anniversary Waltz", Commonweal Jul 15, 1988; 115:13 p. 387- 388 [Abstract from electronic database]:The encyclical "Humanae vitae" caused Catholics to question the Church's whole teachings on marriage and sexuality. The Church failed to develop a fuller understanding of the subjects and lost control of the moral ground. Arthur, Robert L. Homosexuality and the Conservative Christian, (Los Anegeles: Universak Fellowship Press, 1982) By a member of the Metropolitan community Church. Barnhorn, J.A.J. et al., Het vrangstuk der homosexualitat, (Roermund: Romen, 1941) Papers from a largely negative Dutch Roman Catholic conference held just after the start of World War II. Batchelor Jr., Edward, ed., Homosexuality and Ethics, (New York: The Pilgrim Press, 1980) Selections from a variety of authors, inlcuding Aquinas, Barth, Pittenger and Ruether. Baum, Gregory, "A letter from the Pope", Canadian Forum Dec 1993; 72:825 p. 21-24 [Abstract from electronic database]:Pope John Paul II's encyclical, "Veritatis splendor," which deals with ethics or moral theology, has a disciplinary purpose. The letter alerts Catholic bishops to the "crisis" within the Church, namely the ever growing dissent of the faithful and of moral theologians with the Church's official ethical teaching on sexuality. Baumann Paul, "An Incarnational Ethic: Listening to One Another", Commonweal 121:2 (Jan 28 1994), 17-22 Longest article in an infamous Commonweal special on homosexuality which had no openly lesbian or gay contributors. Baumann, associate editor of Commonweal. Argumen is that "Catholicism teaches that the conjugal act, by its very nature, both unites man and wife [sic] and ties sexual love to procreation. Homosexual acts, by definition and in principle, sever the connection between sexuality and procreation. Can that be reconciled to Catholicism's sacramentalization of sexual love in marriage? I Don't think so. Such a development seesm beither likely nor sound. Nor can I envision how it might be made theologically coherent". Earlier on, and unsurpringly, Baumann had said "Appeals to experience...will not suffice". Benson, E.O.D., In Defense of Homosexuality, Male and Female: A Rational Evaluation of Social Prejudice, repr. as What Every Homosexual Knows, (New York: Julian Press, 1965) Secular discussion and argument that homosexuality is ethically correct. Blair, Ralph, ed. Homosexuality and Religion, (New York : National Task Force on STudent Personnel Services and Homosexuality, 1972) Four papers from various traditions. Blair, Ralph, Holier-than-Thou: Hocus Pocus and Homosexuality, (New York : the author, 1977) Blair, Ralph, An Evangelical Look At Homosexuality, rev. ed. (New York : Homosexual Community Counseling Center, 1977, 1972), originally published as the Gay Evangelical in Homosexuality and Religion (No. 13) in the Otherwise Monograph series Blueher, Edward, ed. Die Aristie des Hesus von Nazareth: Philosophische Grundlegung der Lehre und Erscheinung Christi, (Prien: Kampmann unds Schnabel, 1921) Early German views. Bochmuehl, Klaus, "Homosexuality in Biblical Perspective", Christianity Today 17 (Feb 16, 1973), 12-18 Interview with Helmut Thielke - see below for his book. Boyd, Malcolm, "Was Jesus gay?", Advocate: Dec 4, 1990; :565 p. 90 [Abstract from electronic database]:The subject of Jesus's sexuality is discussed. Denying Jesus' sexuality has led the church to create an unholy abyss between the human body and the soul. Browing, Don. S., "Homosexuality, Theology, thr Social Sciences and The Church, Encoounter 40 (1979), 223-43 Looks at statements by RC Church, Disciples of Christ and The UCC. Brussard, A.J.A. et al, Een mens hoeft niet alleen te bleven: een evangelische visie op homofilie, (Baarn: Ten Have, 1977) Buckley, Michael J., Morality and the homosexual; a Catholic approach to a moral problem. With foreword by John C. Heenan. (Westminster, Md., Newman Press, 1960) Homophobic. Manual for Roman Catholic priests. Attacks Bailey's refutation of homosexual interpretation of the Sodom story. Cahill, Lisa Sowle, "Sexual issues in Christian Theological Ethics", Religious Studies Review 4 (1978), 1-14 Looks over 1970's scholarship. Cahill, Lisa Sowle, Between the Sexes: Foundations for a Christian Ethics of Sexuality, (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1985) Cahill, Lisa Sowle, "Moral Methodology: A Case Study" in Robert Nugent, ed., A Challenge to Love: Gay and Lesbian Catholics in the Church, (New York: Crossroad, 1987) Cahill, Lisa Sowle, "Sex and Gender: The Universal Catechism's Presentation America Mar 3, 1990; 162:8 p. 197-200+ [Abstract from electronic database]:The proposed "Catechism for the Universal Church" tries to uphold high ideals of sex and marriage as part of a total communion of persons, but seems uninterested in a dialogue about the value of the Catholic vision with the Catholic Church as a whole. Cahill, Lisa Sowle, Women and sexuality, (New York : Paulist Press, 1992) Cahill, Lisa Sowle, "Abortion, sex and gender: The church's public voice", America May 22, 1993; 168:18 p. 6-11 [Abstract from electronic database]:The Catholic "message" on issues of abortion and sexuality is discussed. Catholicism's ambivalence about both sex and women cripples its call to", Americans to support the unborn. Christian 4:2 (Annuciation, 1977), special volume devoted to homosexuality. Christianity and Crisis 37:9 & 10 (May 30 & June 13, 1977), special volume devoted to homosexuality. Church and Society 73 (Nov-Dec 1982), 3-71, special issue on "Homophobia: The Overlooked Sin" Clark, J. Michael, , A Place To Start : Toward An Unapologetic Gay Liberation Theology, (Dallas : Monument Press, 1989) Clark, J. Michael, A lavender cosmic pilgrim : further ruminations on gay spirituality,theology, & sexuality, (Garland, TX : Tangelwuld Press, 1990) Clark, J. Michael . Beyond our ghettos : gay theology in ecological perspective, (Cleveland, Ohio : Pilgrim Press, 1993) Coleman, Gerald D., Homosexuality - An Appraisal, (Chicago: Franciscan Herald, 1978) Favors civil rights, but calls homosexuality a moral disorder/ Coleman, John, "Revolution homosexuaelle et hermeneutique", Concilium 193 (June 1984), 95-110 Coleman, Peter, Christian Attitudes to Homosexuality, (London: SPCK, 1980) Comstock, Gary David, ed. Religion, homosexuality, and literature, (Las Colinas, Tex. : Monument Press, 1992) Comstock, Gay David, Gay Theology Without Apology, (Cleveland, OH: The Prilgrim Press: 1993) Comstock is a UCC minister and chaplain at Weslyan University. These essays are thoroughly pro-gay and he is willing to attack Biblical homophobia. Inter alia, there are interesting discussions of Biblical bias, Leviticus as a harsh book, Jonathan and David, and so on. Court, J. H., "Homosexuality: A Scientific and Christian Perspective", Interchange 13 (1973) Australian commentary. Curran, Charles, A New Look a Christian Morality,(Notre Dame IN: Fides, 1968) Curran, Charles, Contemporary Problems in Moral Theology,(Notre Dame IN: Fides, 1970) Curran, Charles, "Homosexuality and Moral Theology: Methodological and Substantive Considerations", The Thomist 35:3 (July 1971), 447-81 Curran, Charles, "Moral Theology and Homosexuality" in Jeaninne Grammick, ed., Homosexuality and the Catholic Church,(Mt. Ranier, MD: New Ways Ministry, 1983) Curran, Charles E., Toward An American Catholic Moral Theology, (Notre Dame, IN : University of Notre Dame Press, 1987) Curran, Charles E, "Roman Catholic Sexual Ethics: A Dissenting View", Christian Century Dec 16, 1987; 104:38 p. 1139-1142 [Abstract from electronic database]:The official teachings of the Roman Catholic Church on sexuality are called to question. It is recommended that the church become more liberal in accepting the sexual behavior of varioous Catholics. Curran, Charles E., Tensions in moral theology, (Notre Dame, Ind. : University of Notre Dame Press, 1988) Curran, Charles E., The Living Tradition Of Catholic Moral Theology, (Notre Dame, Ind. : University of Notre Dame Press, 1992) Dallas, Joe, Desires in conflict, (Eugene, OR : Harvest House Publishers, 1991) Day, David, Things they never told you in Sunday school : a primer for the Christian homosexual, (Austin : Liberty Press, c1987) Derrick, Christopher, "Our Great Blind Spot", America May 30, 1987; 156:21 p. 437-439+ [Abstract from electronic database]:The inordinate attention given to the morality of sexuality by the Catholic church, and the ignoring of the morality of violence by the same, are given historical perspective in a discussion. Doherty, Denis, eds., Dimensions of Human Sexuality, (Garden City NY: Doubleday, 1979) A reaction to the Catholic Theological Association report edited by Kosnik. Douma, Jochen, Homophilie, 5th ed. (Kampen: Uitgeverij van den Berg, 1984) Dutch Reformed view. Drakeford, John W., A Christian View of Homsoexuality, (Nashville: Broadman, 1977) Baptist view. Dynes, Wayne R., and Stephen Donaldson, eds., Homosexuality and religion and philosophy, (New York : Garland, 1992) Durand, Guy, La sexualité et la foi: synthèse de théologie morale, (Montreal: Foides, 1983) See chapter 10 on homosexuality. Dwyer, John C., Human Sexuality: A Christian, (1989) Reviews Gudorf, Christine, Cross Currents Summer 1989; 39:2 p. 213-217 Eichrodt, Walther, "Homosexualitat: Andersartigkeit oder Perversion", Reformatio (Zurich) 12 (1963) 67-82 Discusses Helmut Thielicke's book - see below Eichrodt, Walther, et al., Homosexualitat in evangelischer Sicht, (Wuppertal: Aussaat-Bucherie, 1965) Four German Protestant papers. Farley, Margaret, "An Ethic for Same Sex Love" in Robert Nugent, ed., A Challenge to Love: Gay and Lesbian Catholics in the Church, (New York: Crossroad, 1987) Fede cristiana ed omosessualità, (Prali, Italy: Edizioni Centro Ecumenico di Agape, 1981) Acts of a conference held in 1980 on Christianity and homosexuality. Fuliga, Hose B., "Christian Moral Theological Reflections on the Ethical Issue of Homosexuality", South East Asia Journal of Theology 16:2 (1975), 40-44 Gallagher, John, Homosexuality and the Magisterium : documents from the Vatican and U.S. bishops, 1975- 1985, (Mt. Rainier, Md. (4012 29th St., Mt. Rainier 20712): New Ways Ministry, c1985). Anthology of 20 complete or excerpted statements from Roman congegations, National conferences, individual bishops and diocesan organizations. Contributor's include Bashop Francis Mugavero (Brooklyn), Arcbishop John Raoch, Cardinal Humberto Medeiros, Archbishop John Quinn (San Francisco), Archbishop Rembert Weakland (Milwaukee), Bishop Walter Sullivan, Bishop Stanilaus Brzana, Archbishop James Hickey (Washington DC), Archbishop John Whealon, Cardinal Joseph Bernardin, as well as the RC Diocese of Baltimore, Washington State Catholic Conference, San Francisco Senate of Priests, Massachussetts RC Bishops, the National Conference of Catholic Bishops, and two vatican congregations. Ginder, Richard, Binding with Briars: Sex and Sin in the Catholic Church, (Englewood Cliffs NJ: Prentice Hall, 1975) Radical critique by a well-known Catholic writer. Approves of masturbation and homosexuality. Goss, Robert, Jesus Acted Up: A Gay and Lesbian Manifesto, (San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1993) Radical gay theology, wanting to look to Christ the Liberator. Reviews Stuttaford, Genevieve, "Nonfiction -- Jesus Acted Up: A Gay and Lesbian Manifesto by Robert Goss", Publishers Weekly May 31, 1993; 240:22 p. 36 Chase, Elise, "Religion -- Jesus Acted Up: A Gay and Lesbian Manifesto by Robert Goss", Library Journal May 15, 1993; 118:9 p. 72 Gottschalk, Johannes, "Pastorale Betrachtungen und moraltheologische Ueberlegungen zur Frage der Homosexualitat", in W.S. Schlegel, ed., Das grosse Tabu, (Munich: Ruetten und Loening, 1967), 120-46 Grammick, Jeaninne, Homosexuality and the Catholic Church,(Mt. Ranier, MD: New Ways Ministry, 1983) A collection of essays by both gay and straight theologians, some addressing traditional moral theology, others addressing liberation and feminist theology. The article writers are both religious, and gay theologians (Gramick is a S.S.N.D., sociologist - lesbian specialization) Grammick, Jeaninne and Pat Furey, eds., The Vatican and Homosexuality: reflections to the "Letter to the Bishops of the Catholic Church on the Pastoral care of Homosexual Persons", (New York: Crossroad, 1988) Text of the 1986 letter plus extensive commentary and discussion by a number of lesbian. gay and straight writers. Reviews Griffin, Leslie, "Book Reviews", America Mar 11, 1989; 160:9 p. 227-229 Greene, Michael et al., The Church and Homosexuality: A Positive Answer to Current Questions, (London: Hoddr and Stoughton, 1980) Attack on the CoE 1979 report on homosexual relationships. Griffin, Emilie, "Sexism, Sin, & Grace: Responses to the Bishops' Letter", Commonweal Jun 17, 1988; 115:12 p. 364 [Abstract from electronic database]:The greatest value of the bishops' letter is its rejection of aggression, power, dominance, and control in regard to women. There is also a recognition of the goodness of human sexuality. Guidon, Andre, The Sexual Language: An Essay in Moral Theology, (Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 1976) Homosexuality, pp. 299-377 Hanigan, James P., Homosexuality : The Test Case For Christian Sexual Ethics, (New York : Paulist Press, 1988) Reviews Graham, William C, National Catholic Reporter Sep 9, 1988; 24:40 p. 12-13 Saxon, Randall Lee, Library Journal Jun 1989; 35:10 p. 134 Haas, Harold L., "Homosexuality", Currents in Theology and Mission 5:2 (April 1978), 82-104 Lutheran view in favout of stable gay relationships. Hartfeld, Hermann, Homosexualitat im Kontext von Bibel, Theologie und Seelsorge, (Wuppertal : R. Brockhaus, 1991) Harvey, John F., "Homosexuality", in The New Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol 7, 117-119 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1967) Harvey's article shows that he has not changed his views in the past thirty years. Since this encyclopedia is so widely available in college libraries (in most respects it is excellent), his work here has probably done maximum damage. Hasbeny, Richard, ed., Homosexuality and Religion, (New York: Haworth, 1989) Book format of edition of the Journal of Homosexuality devoted to this issue. Heyward, Carter, Our Passion for Justice: Images of Power, Sexuality and Liberation, (New York: The Pilgrim Press, 1984) Heyward, Carter, The Redemption of God: A Theology of Mutual Relation, (Washington, DC: University Press of America, 1984) Heyward, Carter, Touching Our Strength: The Erotic as Power and the Love of God, (San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1989) Heyward, Carter and Ellen C. Davis, eds., Speaking of Christ : A Lesbian Feminist Voice, (Pilgrim Press, 1989) "Homosexuality: A Reexamination: E/SA Forum 60", Engage/Social Action 8:3 (March 1980), 9-56 Hoyt, Robert G., "Sex: How Odd of God--The Apparatus & the Ethic Illustration", Commonweal Jul 15, 1988; 115:13 p. 389-390 [Abstract from electronic database]:The anniversary of "Humanae vitae" prompts the author to muse on how the Catholic Church has misinterpreted the sexual act. The current Bishop's letter doesn't really address the issue of sexuality within marriage at all. Hudson, Billy., Christian homosexuality, (North Hollywood, Calif. : Now Library Press, 1970) Hunt, Mary, Fierce Tenderness: Towards a Feminist Theology of Friendship, (San Francisco:: Harper & Row, 1989) Jennings, Theodore W., "Homosexuality and Christian Faith: A Theological Reflection", Christian Century 94 (Feb 16, 1977), 137-42 Jones, Stanton L., "Homosexuality According to Science".Christianity Today. Aug. 18 1989 v 33:11 Does new evidence about homosexuality mandate a change in the church's historic stance? Jones, Arthur, "Offshore Moral Theology, or Era of the 'Flying Dutchman", National Catholic Reporter Sep 28, 1990; 26:42 p. 15 [Abstract from electronic database]:A lecture on the Vatican document "Gaudium et Spes," with an emphasis on marriage and family teaching, is discussed. It is said that there is no dialogue between bishops or theologians who could contribute to the evaluation of life issues, like sex and birth control, and the Vatican that is following decades-old documents to judge the value of such issues or ignoring the issues. Journal of Christian Education 59 (September 1977) Issue devoted to Christian education and sexuality. Kaufman, Philip S., Why You Can Disagree and Remain A Faithful Catholic, (details?) Keysor, Charles W, ed., What You Should Know About Homosexuality, (Grand Rapids MI: Zondervan, 1979) Six conservative Methodist papers. Koertege, Noretta, ed., Philosophy and Homosexuality, (New York: Harrington Park Press, 1983), also pub. as Journal of Homosexuality 6:4 (Summer 1981) Four papers addressing sociobilogical issues by Michael Ruse, Lynda I.A. Birke, John P. DeCecco and Frederick Suppe. Kosnik, Anthony, et al, Human Sexuality: New Directions in American Catholic Thought: A Study Commissioned by the Catholic Theological Society of America, (New York: Paulist Press, 1977) Important overview by professional Catholic thrologians in the US. Does not see homosexuality as perfect. Sees Sodom story as nothing to do with homosexuality, but historically much more important than either Leviticus 18 or Romans 1 in influenciing the tradition. In "Pastoral Guidlines" looks at some forms of acceptance. See Doherty above for a book written in rebuttal. Lauritsen, John, Religious Roots of the Taboo on Homosexuality: A Materialist View, (New York: the author, 1974) Atheist attack which sums up a certain strand of anti- religious thought in the Gay Liberation movement. Looser, Gabriel, Homosexualitat: menschlich - christlich - moralisch, (Frankfurt: P. Lang, 1985) By a Roman Catholic theologian McBrien, Richard, Catholicism, rev ed., (New York; Harper, 1994) Excellent overview - well over 100o pages - of Roman Catholic faith and history. Much more broadly balanced than any official work, and useful to refer intelligent inquirers towards. McCaffrey, Joseph Anthony., Homosexuality. Toward a moral synthesis. Pontificia Studiorum Universitas a Sancto Thoma Aquinate in Urbe. (Rome: Catholic book agency, 1969) McCarthy, Colman, "Pope's new encyclical has little to do with real world", National Catholic Reporter Oct 29, 1993; 30:2 p. 22 [Abstract from electronic database]:The Pope's Veritatis Splendor is discussed. The encyclical reviews the Catholic Church's stand on birth control, homosexuality, masturbation and premarital sex. McCourt, Malcom, ed., Towards a Theology of Gay Liberation, (London: SCM Press, 1977) A series of articles, with some very angry arguments between contributors, on gay theology. McNeill, John, The Church and the Homosexual 4th ed., (Boston: Beacon, 1993, first ed. 1976) Classic work by a former Jesuit priest, and a former frequent celebrant with Dignity/NY. Looks at scripture, moral theology, and pastoral ministry to lesbian and