Date: Tue, 10 May 1994 09:34:16 -0500 (EST) >From: Justin ---Historical queers 1. Sappho (600 B.C.) Greek Poetess 2. Socrates (470-399 B.C.) Greek Teacher and Philosopher 3. Plato (427-347 B.C.) Greek Teacher and Philosopher 4. Alexander The Great (356-323 B.C.) Macedonian King and Military Leader 5. Wu (140-87 B.C.) Chinese Emperor 6. Hadrian (76-138 A.D.) Roman Emperor 7. Richard the Lion Hearted (1157-1199) English King and Crusader 8. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) Italian Renaissance Artist, Teacher, Scientist and Inventor 9. Michelangelo (1475-1564) Italian Renaissance Artist and Sculptor 10. Montezuma II (1480-1520) Aztec Emperor 11. Julius III (1487-1555) Catholic Pope 12. Ieyasu Tokugawa (1542-1616) Japanese Shogun and founder of the Edo Shogunate 13. Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626) British Statesman and Writer 14. Christina (1626-1689) Swedish Queen 15. Peter the Great (1672-1725) Russian Czar 16. Frederick the Great (1712-1786) Prussian King and Military Leader 17. Madame de Stael (1766-1817) French Writer and Intellectual 18. Lord Byron (1788-1824) British Poet 19. Hans Christian Andersen (1805-1875) Danish Poet and Writer 20. Margaret Fuller (1810-1850) American Writer and Journalist 21. Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) American Philosopher, Naturalist, and Peace Activist 22. Walt Whitman (1819-1892) American Poet 23. Herman Melville (1819-1891) American Writer 24. Chief Crazy Horse (Tashunca witco) (1849-1877) Oglala Sioux Chief 25. Peter I. Tchaikovsky (1840-1893) Russian Composer 26. Oscar Wilde (1854-1900) Irish Writer and Dramatist 27. Dame Ethel Smyth (1858-1944) British Composer, Writer, and Activist 28. Marcel Proust (1871-1922) French Writer 29. Sergei Diaghileff (1872-1929) Russian Ballet Impresario 30. Vita Sackville-West (1892-1962) British Writer 31. Vaslav Nijinsky (1890-1950) Russian Ballet Dancer 32. Edward Carpenter (1844-1929) British Author and Gay Rights Pioneer 33. Willa Cather (1873-1947) American Writer and Critic 34. Colette (1873-1954) French Writer and Actress 35. W. Somerset Maugham (1874-1965) British Writer and Dramatist 36. Alice B. Toklas (1877-1967) American Writer; Stein's Domestic Partner 37. Gertrude Stein (1874-1946) American Writer and Art Collector; Toklas' Domestic Partner 38. Bessie Smith (1894-1937) American Blues Singer and Entertainer 39. E.M. Forster (1879-1970) British Writer 40. Virginia Woolf (1882-1941) British Writer and Publisher 41. Ernst Rohm (1887-1933) German Nazi and SA Leader 42. T.E. Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia) (1888-1935) British Soldier 43. Jean Cocteau (1889-1963) French Writer and Filmmaker 44. John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946) British Economist and Nobel Prize Winner 45. Cole Porter (1893-1964) American Composer 46. Bayard Rustin (1910-1987) American Civil Rights, Labor Rights, and Peace Activist/Leader 47. James Baldwin (1924-1987) American Writer and Civil Rights Activist 48. Tennessee Williams (1914-1983) American Dramatist 49. Marguerite Yourcenar (1903-1987) Belgian-American Writer 50. Federico Garcia Lorca (1894-1936) Spanish Poet and Dramatist 51. Christopher Isherwood (1904-1986) British Author 52. W.H. Auden (1907-1973) British Poet and Writer 53. Audre Lorde (1934-1992) American Writer and Activist 54. Martina Navratilova (1956- ) Czechoslovakian-American Tennis Champion and Activist 55. Andy Warhol (1930-1987) American Pop Artist 56. Frieda Kahlo (1907-1954) Mexican Artist and Activist 57. Gore Vidal (1925- ) American Writer ---Historical queer events 58. Nazis murder thousands of homosexuals as part of campaign against "undesirables." 59. Nazis burn books they consider subversive. 60. "Stonewall Riots" in 1969--catalyst for modern American Lesbian/Gay Liberation Struggle. 61. The "Names Project Memorial Quilt" commemorates those who have died of AIDS. 62. The Pink Triangle symbolizes Lesbian/Gay struggles against oppression. 63. The Rainbow Flag--symbolizes Lesbian/Gay/Bisexual Pride and Diversity. 64. The Marches on Washington in 1979, 1987, & 1993 for Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Rights. Project 21 is a campaign for educational equity for lesbian, gay, and bisexual people. Project 21's Poster is sponsored by the Gay and Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD/USA). It is from an original work of art by Robert Birle, copyright 1993. The poster's historical/cultural figures were identified as same-gender or both-gender oriented with the assistance of Donald Dinelli. References and Resources: 1. Boswell, John. Christianity, Social Tolerance & Homosexuality, U. of Chicago Press, 1980. 2. Cowan, Thomas. Gay Men & Women Who Enriched the World, Wm. Mulvey,Inc., CT, 1988. 3. D'Emilio, John. Sexual Politics, Sexual Community, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1983. 4. Demystifying Homosexuality: A Teaching Guide About Lesbians and Gay Men, Irvington Publishers, NY, 1984. 5. Duberman, Vincinus, Chauncey, eds. Hidden From History: Reclaiming the Gay and Lesbian Past, Penguin, NY, 1990. 6. Grahn, Judy. Another Mother Tongue, Beacon Press, Boston, 1984. 7. Harbeck, Karen. Coming Out of the Classroom Closet, Haworth Press,Binghamton 1992. 8. Homophobia: Discrimination Based on Sexual Orientation (a curriculum), 1991; GLAAD/LA, P.O. Box 931763, Hollywood CA 90093-1763. Cost: $12.50. 9. Katz, Jonathan. Gay American History, Avon Books, NY, 1976. 10. Russo, Vito. The Celluloid Closet, Harper & Row, 1987. 11. Rutledge, Leigh. The Gay Book of Lists, Alyson Publications, Boston, 1987. 12. Wallace, Wallace, and Wallechnisky. The People's Almanac Presents The Book of Lists, William Morrow, NY, 1977. 13. Williams, Walter. The Spirit and the Flesh: Sexual Diversity in American Indian Culture, Beacon Press, Boston, 1986.