Date: Sat, 19 Feb 1994 23:15:20 -0500 (EST) From: HALSALL@MURRAY.FORDHAM.EDU Subject: Queers in History V.0.2 I got quit a good response to the list, so here is the first update. I will not post a second for a week or so. I would be very keen to know about African queers, btw. Paul Halsall Halsall@murray.fordham.edu ***************************************************************** V. 0.2 [2/18/94] A PARTIAL LIST OF PERSONAGES REPUTED TO HAVE BEEN QUEER [aka Begininngs of a Queers in History List] There is, of course, no implication that there is proof these people are/were queer, but they have all been claimed at various times to have been so. Women [of whom far few are recorded] are starred *. Note that I say "queer" - some cases the queerness was gender transgression rather than sexual orientation. All figures on this list should be dead - Mark Hertzog's OUT LIST covers those who are alive and out. So far there is no OUTABLE LIST! There are problems with a list such as this. Here is Wayne R. Dynes, _Homosexuality: A Research Guide_ [New York; Garland, 1987], p182, speaking.:- "The impulse to draw up extensive biographical lists of notable homosexuals of the past began with the 19th century homosexual scholars in German-speaking countaries. Parallel tendancies occur with scholars representing other minority groups, where such lists seem to function to provide historical witness of the collective worth of an ostracisized group. This "hall of fame" approach has recently been criticized as kewing homosexual and lesbian history towards an unrepresentative elite, effacing historical variety and class differences. The search for famous homosexuals also provokes a largely fruitless series of debates over whether figures of the past, such as Socrates or Caesar, were trult homosexual" Several modern examples of such lists/books include Martin Greif, _The Gay Book of Days_ [Secaucus, NJ: 1982] - over 1000names Noel I. Garde, _Jonathan to Gide: The Homosexual in History_ [NY: 1964] - 300+ men Barbar Grier and Coletta Field, _Lesbian Lives_ [Oakland: 1976] 60= women A.L. Rowse, _Homosexuals in History_ [NY:1977] The elitist effect can be seen by looking at the names from China. Virtually all are from court circles. With all these comments taken into account then, and please remember this is a list of *reputed* queers, here is the List V.0.2:- ********************************************************************** REALLY OLD Adam and Steve The Alpine Iceman with Semen in his rectum ANCIENT EGYPT Horus and Seth Osaris and Seth Pepys II c 2360BCE Akhenaten c.1350BCE and Smenkhkare [first gay couple in history?] ANCIENT IRAQ Gilgamesh and Enkidu ANCIENT GREECE All Spartan Men All Cretan Men The Sacred Band of Thebes [military regiment] 4th Cent BCE - Mythical Persons Zeus and Ganymede Achilles and Patroclus Heracles Hyakinthos - Generals, Kings, Leaders Alcibiades 450?-404BC Alexander the Great 356-323BCE and Hephasteion Dionysius of Syracuse Philip of Macedon Solon Hipparchus Aristogeiton and Harmodius 532?-514BCE Demosthenes 384-322BCE - Poets, Writers Aeschines Philostratus Ibycus Agathon c425CBE Anacreon 527?-488?BCE Pindar of Thebes Alceaus Lucian of Samosata Rufinus Strato Meleager Theocritus *Sappho c.600BCE Theognis of Megara - Intellectuals Socrates 469?-399BCE Zeno of Elea Plato 427?-347BCE Chrysippus [Stoic philosopher] Ancient Rome --Kings, Emperors, Generals, Political Leaders Catiline Sulla and Metrobius Julius Caesar 100?-44BCE ["every women's husband, every man's wife] and Nicomedes, King of Bithynia Tiberius Mark Anthony Nero Caligula (inter alia) Hadrian 76-138 and Antinous d.130 Elagabulus - Poets, Intellectuals Catullus Horace Martial Tibellus Plautus Ovid Seneca Ancient Jews David 1035?-960?BCE and Jonathan Daniel the Prophet [eunuch] The Three Young Men [eunuchs] *Ruth and *Naomi MEDIEVAL EUROPE AND ISLAM --SAINTS *St Anastasia the Patrician *St Anna/Euphemianos *St Apollinaria/Dortheos *St Athanasia of Antioch *St Eugenia/Eugnios *St Hilaria/Hilarion *St Marina/Marinos *St Marina (2) *St Matrona/Babylas *St. Pelagia/Pelagios *St. Theodora/Theodorus *St. Euphrosyne/Smaragdus *St. Papula of Gaul *St Thekla *St Hildegonde of Neuss near Cologne [all the above women dressed and lived as men, usually monks] *St Encumber [a bearded woman saint] St. Sergius and St. Bacchus *St. Perpetua and St. Felicity St Sebastian St. Augustine St. Aelred of Rievaulx St. Anselm of Bec St. Paulinus of Nola and Ausonius - Other Religious Figures Alcuin Ausonius Baudri of Bourgeuil Pope Benedict XI 1020-1055 Pope Boniface VIII Pope Julius III 1487-1555 and the Prevostino Sixtus IV Gottschalk Hrbanus Maurus John, Bishop of Orleans (aka "Flora") John of Salisbury and Pope Hadrian IV Marbod of Rennes Ralph, Archbishop of Tours Venantius Fortunatus Walafrid Strabo and Luitger Sister Benedetta Carlini of Pescia c 1619 - Byzantium Nicephorus I r.802-811 Michael III r.842-867 and Basil I r.867- Basil II r.976-1025 Constantine VIII r. 1025-1028 Constantine IX Monomachus 1042-1055 There was a monastery, The Monastery of the Aguares, specifically for eunuchs - the most well knwon Byzantine sexual minority - IBERIA Moshe ibn Ezra Ibn Sahl Ibn Sheshet Ibn Barzel Abraham ibn Ezra Judah Halevi Henry IV of Castille 1425-1475 - -ITALY --Political Leaders Frederick II Conradin of Sicily 1252-1268 and Frederick of Baden - Figures in the Arts Donatello Casanova [!] Benevenuto Cellini Giovanni Antonio Bazzi "il Sodoma" Caravaggio pomponia Leto Machiavelli Raphael Michelangelo Buonarroti 1475-1564 and Tommaso Cavalieri Andrea Poliziano Leonardo da Vinci 1452-1519 (and Jacopa Saltarelli, Andrea Salaini, Francesco Melzi, Cesare da Sesto, Giuliano Boltraffio) FRANCE --Political Leaders Philip II Augustus Henry III Philip, Duc d'Orleans (1640-1701) Gilles du Rais 1404-1440 [Mass murderer] - Others The Templars *Joan of Arc BRITAIN --Kings, Queens, Political Leaders William II Rufus 1056?-1100 Robert, Duke of Normandy William Aethling (Son of Henry I) Richard I the Lion-hearted 1157-1199 [and Philip II Augustus] [and Saladin] and Blondel and Raife de Clermon Edward II 1284-1327 and Piers Gaveston, then Hugh Dispenser Richard II James I & VI 1566-1625 and Robert Carr and George Villiers, Earl of Buckingham - Others Christopher Marlowe 1564-1593 William Shakespeare 1564-1616 - -Elsewhere in Europe Jerome Duquesnoy 1602-1645 [Flemish Sculptor] Erasmus of Rotterdam 1466-1536 Theodore Beza 1519-1606 [Calvin's successor at Geneva] and Audebert - -ISLAM Abu Nawas d.810 Arabian Poet Caliph Muhammad al-Amin 9th Cent CE Saladin Ibn al-Farid 1182-1235 [poet] Mehmet II al Fatih - Conqueror of Constantinople 1453 MODERN EUROPE [post 1700] - -BRITAIN --Political Leaders William III Horace Walpole 1717-1797 [first Prime Minister] Queen Anne 1665-1714 and Sarah Churchill Lord Hervey [George II's minister] and Stephen Fox Tom Driberg MP *Maureen Colquhoun MP [alive?] William Beckford 1760-18844 Lord Mountbatten General Charles Gordon Baden Powell [founder of Boy Scouts] Roger Casement 1864-1916 Horatio Herbert Kitchener 1850-1916 - Poets, Writers, Actors *Mary Renault 1905-1983 and *Julie Mullard *Mary Wollstonecraft 1759-1797 and *Fanny Blood *Virginia Woolf 1882-1941 and *Vita Sackville-West A.E. Housman 1859-1936 and Moses Jackson AC Benson EF Benson Alfred Lord Tennyson Algernon Swinbourne 1837-1909 Andre Raffalovich and Canon John Gray Cecil Beaton James Agate Christopher Isherwood 1904-1986 and Don Bachardy [still alive] Denton Welch Dirk Bogarde [alive?] Duncan Grant E.M. Forster 1879-1970 Edward Carpenter 1844-1929 Evelyn Waugh Frederick Rolfe, Baron Corvo Gerard Manley Hopkins James Kirkup [alive?] Joe Orton 1933-1967 and Kenneth Halliwell d.1967 John Addington Symonds 1840-1893 John Henry Newman and JR Ackerly Laurence Olivier [and Danny Kaye - see N.America] Lord (George Gordon) Byron 1788-1824 and John Eddleston and Nicolo Giraud Ludwig Wittgenstein 1889-1951 Lytton Strachey 1880-1932 Noel Coward 1899-1973 Richard Barnefield 1574-1627 Oscar Wilde 1894-1900 and Lord Alfred Douglas *Radclyffe Hall and *Una Troubridge Sir Richard Burton 1821-1890 (19th Century Explorer and Writer) Robert Hugh Benson Saki (H.E. Munro) Siegfried Sasson Somerset Maugham 1874-1964 Robert Maugham Stephen Spender [still alive?] T.E. Lawrence (of Arabia) Vera Britten Walter Pater WH Auden 1907-1973 Wilfred Owen - Musical Figures Arthur Sullivan 1842-1900 Benjamin Britten 1913-1976 and Peter Pears 1910-1986 Ivor Novello Brian Epstein 1934-1967 and John Lennon [?] - Other John Maynard Keynes 1883-1946 *Florence Nightingale 1820-1910 Alan Turing [breaker of Nazi Enigma code] Sir Franci Bacon 1561-1626 [scientist] Francis Bacon [Painter] Aleister Crowley *Dolly Wilde 1899-1941 [Oscar's niece, A "wit"] All students at Eton since its foundation! All students at Harrow 1456-1917, 1923-69! - -GERMANY/AUSTRIA --Political Leaders Frederick II the Great of Prussia 1712-1786 and Hans von Katte Prince Henry of Prussia 1726-1802 King Ludwig II of Bavaria 1845-1886 Wilhelm II Ernst Roehm Friedrich Krupp 1854-1902 [industrialist] Wilfed Israel 1899-1944 [opponent of Nazia] - Cultural Figures Magnus Hirschfeld 1868-1935 Karl Ulrichs 1825-1895 [first person in modrn history to acknowldge his homosexuality] Karol Kertbeny [=Benkert] [Hungarian. Invented the word "homosexual" 1869] Ludwig von Beethoven 1770-1827 (and nephew Karl?) Franz Schubert J.J. Winckelmann [art historian] Frida Kahlo Rosa von Praunheim Thomas Mann Rainer Werner Fassbinder - -FRANCE Louis XIII 1601-1643 and Baradas and Marquis de Cinq-Mars *Marie Antoinette *Madame du Stael Philippe, Duc de Orleans [Brother of Louis XIV} Violet-Le-Duc Maximilien Robespierre 1758-1794 and Saint Just [?] Duc Claude de Villiars Jean Jacques Regis de Camaceres 1753-1824 [designed Code Napoleon] Georges Sand Duc de Nevers Voltaire [?] Eugene of Savoy Louis, Prince of Conde Francois Timoleon de Choisy, Abbe de Choisy (1644-1724) Marquis de Sade 1740-1814 *Colette 1873-1954 Paul Verlaine and Arthur Rimbaud 1854-1891 Jean Cocteau 1889-1963 and Raymond Radiguet Jean Genet 1910-1986 Michel Foucault 1926-1984 Andre Gide 1869-1951 and Marc Allegret Moliere 1622-1673 and Michel Baron Marcel Proust 1871-1922 and Reynaldo Hahn *Renee Vivien 1877-1909 *Marguerite Yourcenar 1903-1987 Rosa Bonheur 1822-1899 and Nathalia Micas Gericault Roland Barthes - -RUSSIA Alexander I 1777-1825 Sergei Rachmaninov Peter Tchaikosky 1840-1893 Vaslav Nijinsky1890-1950 and Sergei Diaghelev 1872-1929 Mikhaill Kuzmin 1875-1936 [poet] Rudolph Nuryev -1993 NiKolia Przhevalsky 1839-1888 [explorer] - -Elsewhere In Europe *Queen Christina of Sweden 1626-1689 and *Ebba Sparre *Isak Dinesen [Denmark] Hans Christian Andersen 1805-1875 *Anne Frank 1929-1945 [Netherlands] Pier Paol Pasolini 1922-1975[Italy] *Florbela Spanca [Portugal] poet Baron von Gloeden Constantine Cavafy 1863-1933[Greece] Dag Hammarskjold 1905-1962 [Sweden] UN Sec. Gen. Frederico Garcia Lorca [Spain] NORTH AMERICA --Political Leaders Edward Hyde, Lord Cornbury, 1661-1724 Governor of New York, 1702-1708 President George Washington 1732-1799 and Alexander Hamilton [Speculative!] *Susan B. Anthony 1820-1906 Bayard Rustin 1910-1987 Walter Jenkins 1918-1985 J. Edgar Hoover 1895-1972 and Clyde Tolson 1900-1975 Terry Dolan 1950-1986 Roy Cohn 1927-1986 President James Buchanan 1971-1868 and Sen. William Rufus de Vane King 1786-1853 *Eleanor Roosevelt 1884-1962 and *Lorena Hickok - Writers Henry James Herman Melville 1819-1891 and Nathenial Hawthorne *Jane Chambers 1937-1983 *Jane Bowles 1917-1973 John Horne Burns [wrote _The Gallery_] Thornton Wilder 1897-1975 *Sara Teasdale 1884-1933 and *Margaret Conklin Tennesse Williams 1911-1983 Horatio Alger 1834-1899 Angelina Weld Grimke 1880-1958 Paul Goodman 1911-1972 *Lorrain Hansberry 1930-1965 Truman Capote *Emily Dickinson *Gertrude Stein 1864-1946 and *Alice. B. Toklas Walt Whitman 1819-1982 Edward Albee 1928- [alive?] James Baldwin 1924-1987 *Willa Cather 1876-1947 and Isabella McClung and Edith Lewish John Cheever 1912-1882 Hart Crane 1899-1932 Langston Hughes 1902-1967 Alain Locke 1886-1954 and Richard Bruce Nugent and Countee Cullen and Claude MCkee *Audre Lorde 1934-199? *Edna St. Vincent Millay 1892-1950 Colin Higgins 1941-1988 Rod McKuen 1933- [alive?] Robert Ferro *Syliva Beach 1887-1962 and *Andrienne Monnier Henry Beecher Ward 1813-1887 James Barr Merle Miller 1919-1986 Alan Barnett George Stambolian Alan Bray *Natalie Barney 1876-1972 *Romaine Brooks 1874-1970 and *Djuna Barnes 1892-1982 - Hollywood and Broadway *Tallulah Bankhead James Dean 1931-1955 *Greta Garbo Errol Flynn 1909-1959 Cary Grant James Whale 1896-1957 Rock Hudson 1925-1985 Charles Laughton 1889-1962 Sal Mineo George Cukor 1899-1983 Charles Ludlam Danny Kaye Bill Sherwood Luchino Visconti 1906-1976 Kenneth Anger Montgomery Clift 1920-1966 Rudolph Valentino 1895-1926 Richard Burton Parker Tyler *Alla Nazimova [Nancy Reagan's Godmother!] - Music Ned Roerm 1923- [alive?] Divine Ma Rainey 1886-1939 Bessie Smith 1898?-1937 Liberace 119-1987 Alberta Hunter 1895-1984 Leonard Bernstein Aaron Copeland Stephen Foster 1826-1864 Samuel Barber 1910-1981 and Gian Carlo Menotti [alive] *Janis Joplin Cole Parter Sylvester - Other Arts Charles Demuth 1883-1935 [Painter] Paul Cadmus [alive?] *Amy Lowell 1874-1925 {poet] Andy Warhol 1927-1987 David Wojnoricz Alvin Ailey Keith Haring Robert Maplethorpe - Lesbian and Gay Activists Harvey Milk 1930-1978 Leonard Matlovich Vito Russo Dand Bradley 1940-1988 - Other Margaret Mead 1901-1978 Cardinal Francis Spellman Dorothy Thompson 1893-1961 William Tilden 1893-1953 [athlete] Thomas Waddle 1938-1987 [founder Gay Games] Randy Shilts 195?-1994 [journalist] Lexander Woolcott 1887-1943 [Journalist] Pat Bond Amelia Earhart 1898-1937? - -[I have little information on the following Areas. All suggestions welcome] EAST ASIA --China There were gay marriages in the Fujian province and Lesbian marriages in the Guangdong region. No names though [See Bret Hinsch, _Passions of the Cut Sleeve_] -Chou Period Duke Ling of Wei 534-493BCE and Mizi Xia The King of Wei Lord Long Yang -The Ten Han Emperors [with "favorites"] Gao 206-195BCE and Jiru Hui 194-188BCE and Hongru Wen 179-141BCE and Deng Tong and Zhao Tan and Beigong Bozi Jing 156-141BCE and Zho Ren Wu 140-87BCE and Han Yan and Han Yue and Li Yannian Zhao 86-74BCE and Jin Shang Xuan 73-49BCE Zhang Pengzu Yuan 48-33BCE and Hong Gong and Shi Xian Cheng 32-7BCE and Zhang Fang and Chunyu Zhang Ai 6BCE-1CE and Dong Xian Pei Kai 237-291 Yu Xin 513-581 and Wang Shao Zhang Hanbian c.265-420 and Zhou Xiaoshi Emperor Jianwen c.550 Emperor Xizong 874-889 and Zhang Langgou Emperor Wuzong 1506-1522 Emperor Shenzong 1573-1620 Emperor Xizong 1621-1628 Pu Yi - the last Qing [Manchu emperor - subject of film "The Last Emperor] -Japan There was a cult of Male love [man-youth] in premodern Japan, especially among the samauri classes. This means that virtually all pre-modern Japanese men of a certain class may be assumed to have been "queer" in modern terms. Yukio Mishima 1925-1970 SOUTH ASIA Lord Shiva/Shakti Krishna Emperor Babar and Baburi Amar Khan 18th century Ramakrishna [c.early 20th cent.] AFRICA LATIN AMERICA Febronio Indio do Brasil, wrote _Revelations of the Prince of Fire_ Cazuza [Brazilian singer] Lauro Corona [Brazilian actor] Adolfo Caminha 1867-97 [Brazilian writer]